2013年　センター　本試験

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問１
I understand (　 ) of our students are working part-time in the evening to pay their school expenses.
(1) almost　(2) any　(3) anyone　(4) most

■正解

問２
Of the seven people here now, one is from China, three are from the US, and (　 ) from France.
(1) other　(2) others　(3) the other　(4) the others

■正解

問３
My brother (　 ) have been very popular when he was a high school student. He still gets lots of New Year's cards from his former classmates.
(1) must　(2) ought to　(3) should　(4) would

■正解

問４
Eric's friends, Minoru and Sachiko, will be here at seven this evening. He (　 ) doing his homework by then.
(1) has been finshed　(2) has finished　(3) will have finished　(4) would finish

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問５
Our family doctor suggested that our son (　 ) a complete medical checkup every year.　[センター試験 2013本]
(1) get　(2) getting　(3) is getting　(4) to get

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問６
Japan (　 ) of four large islands and many small islands.
(1) consists　(2) contains　(3) forms　(4) organizes

■正解

問７
Did you have a chance to meet your grandfather (　 ) the winter vacation?
(1) during　(2) inside　(3) on　(4) while

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問８
I don't enjoy going to Tokyo. It's hard for me to put (　 ) all th crowds.
(1) away　(2) on　(3) up to　(4) up with

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問９
When my younger brother and I were children, my mother often asked me to keep (　 ) him so he wouldn't get lost.
(1) an eye on　(2) away from　(3) back from　(4) in time with

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問10
I was offered a good position with a generous salary, but I decided to turn it (　 ) because I wanted to stay near my family.
(1) around　(2) down　(3) out　(4) over

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解答・解説

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■１■
　①The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on the availability and distribution of human health resources around the world. ②The World Health Report 2006 analyzes factors affecting countries' health care environments. ③The data collected reveal a range of situations and have helped WHO propose a long-term action plan for improving health care offered in every country.
■２■
　①One of the key factors contributing to a country's health are conditions is its numbers of health care workers. ②The report estimates the shortage of these professionals at an alarming 4.3 million worldwide. ③It further points out that the shortage is most severe in the poorest nations, especially those located south of the Sahara Desert which are faced with high rates of disease. ④As Table 1 shows, Senegal and Ghana, for example, have very low numbers of doctors and nurses per 10,000 people.
■３■
　①Surprisingly, perhaps, countries such as Russia and Cuba actually have higher proportions of medical professionals than some richer countries. ②The systems for qualifying health care workers do differ from country to country. ③Still, these two countries clearly give priority to ensuring that there are sufficient numbers of professionals.
■４■
　①Another important factor is a country's health care spending, shown in Table 1 as a percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP), or the total value of all its goods and services. ②Despite their lower proportions of doctors, countries such as the USA, Sweden, and France spend much more on health care, both as a percentage of GDP and as an actual amount, than Russia and Cuba.
■４■
　①With these factors and other conditions in mind, WHO has proposed solutions to the global shortage of health care workers. ②Areas of particular concern include war-torn countries such as Somalia and Afghanistan. ③Countries and organizations have provided financial aid in the past. ④Because money donated has not always led to more spending in health care, however, the report recommends a 10-year plan to help countries build sustainable training systems. ⑤International cooperation is vital to WHO's proposal; countries at risk must be able to rely on the support of various global partners. ⑥Japan, the UK, and other countries are expected to give assistance including medical knowledge. ⑦Perhaps WHO's vision of "universal access to health care" can become a reality.

　The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on the availability and distribution of human health resources around the world. The World Health Report 2006 analyzes factors affecting countries' health care environments. The data collected reveal a range of situations and have helped WHO propose a long-term action plan for improving health care offered in every country.
　One of the key factors contributing to a country's health are conditions is its numbers of health care workers. The report estimates the shortage of these professionals at an alarming 4.3 million worldwide. It further points out that the shortage is most severe in the poorest nations, especially those located south of the Sahara Desert which are faced with high rates of disease. As Table 1 shows, Senegal and Ghana, for example, have very low numbers of doctors and nurses per 10,000 people.
　Surprisingly, perhaps, countries such as Russia and Cuba actually have higher proportions of medical professionals than some richer countries. The systems for qualifying health care workers do differ from country to country. Still, these two countries clearly give priority to ensuring that there are sufficient numbers of professionals.
　Another important factor is a country's health care spending, shown in Table 1 as a percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP), or the total value of all its goods and services. Despite their lower proportions of doctors, countries such as the USA, Sweden, and France spend much more on health care, both as a percentage of GDP and as an actual amount, than Russia and Cuba.
　With these factors and other conditions in mind, WHO has proposed solutions to the global shortage of health care workers. Areas of particular concern include war-torn countries such as Somalia and Afghanistan. Countries and organizations have provided financial aid in the past. Because money donated has not always led to more spending in health care, however, the report recommends a 10-year plan to help countries build sustainable training systems. International cooperation is vital to WHO's proposal; countries at risk must be able to rely on the support of various global partners. Japan, the UK, and other countries are expected to give assistance including medical knowledge. Perhaps WHO's vision of "universal access to health care! can become a reality.

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"Tomo and Aki" (2005) Japan

Satoko from Osaka, Japan
Rating: ★★★★☆
I finally watched the DVD of "Tomo and Aki," the award-winning film based on the famous book by Yukio Kodama. I love this book and have read it many times. Kodama's detailed descriptions of life in Japan's countryside are amazing, and the story is both funny and touching. Tomo and Aki, a young urban couple, move to a rural village but struggle with their strange new life. I avoided the movie for a long time because I thought it could never be as good as the book. While I was right in some ways, the movie was still very enjoyable to watch.

While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama's words. The actor playing Tomo, a shy and ordinary character in the book, looks too confident and handsome for the role. On the other hand, the actress who plays Aki is very believable, perfectly showing emotions such as joy, frustration, and sorrow. Aki really regrets their move. Throughout the first half of the movie, she tries to maintain at least one small part of her city lifestyle by often wearing high heels and perfect makeup around the village. In the powerful conclusion of the movie, she gives birth to twins, which helps her to let go of the past completely and become truly content with her life in the village. One interesting point is the appearance of Jun Daichi, only 15 years old then, playing a supporting role as a boy from a neighboring village. I am a big fan of this actor, who became famous for his later work but already shows his talent for acting in this small part.
Although I was extremely familiar with the book, watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story. Anyone who loves the book can still enjoy this movie, and if you love the movie, go read the book too!

Joe from Buffalo, NY, USA
Rating: ★★★★★

My Japanese friend took me to the Asian Film Festival yesterday to see "Tomo and Aki." I usually avoid foreign movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time. However, this movie was so fascinating and delightful that I soon forgot I was reading the dialogue. The story describes a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when he tries to escape his busy life in the city. The best part of the movie is how it shows the interesting and unique life in Japan's countryside. The camera work and soundtrack also add to the experience and fit nicely with the lively atmosphere of the film. I was fascinated and entertained throughout the entire two hours.

The opening scene immediately grabbed my attention with a huge frog jumping in front of Aki, the main female character, and her screaming voice echoing into the surrounding mountains. Actually, I was very impressed with the actress's performance as she transforms herself from a talented comedian, particularly in the scenes where she is trying to manage a vegetable garden while battling insects, rainstorms, and lots of mud.

Among the many older village people, who are usually staring at the young couple, there are some truly amusing and unique characters. My favorite was an old woman, a legend in the village, who eventually becomes a good friend of the couple. In a memorable scene towards the end of the movie, the old woman teaches Aki how to cook wild mushrooms while telling strange traditional folk stories from the village.
Overall, I really liked this movie. The story is entertaining and the acting is great, but best of all, you can really see a different side of Japanese culture in the movie. I highly recommend this film!

問１ After watching the movie, Satoko thought that it (41).
① accurately showed the life of Yukio Kodama
② gave her a feeling of being in the village
③ made her like the book even more
④ should be avoided by the fans of the book

問２ Before watching the movie, Joe expected it would be (42).
① a valuable cultural experience
② different from the original book
③ great because it was famous
④ hard for him to follow the story

問３ Both Satoko and Joe praise (43).
① the performance of the main actor
② the performance of the main actress
③ the quality of the camera work
④ the quality of the original book

問４ According to the reviews, the theme of the story can be best described as (44).
① a character's adaptation to a new life
② a historically accurate description of old village life
③ the changing roles of women in modern society
④ the importance of sharing cultural traditions

問５ Which of the following shows the order of the scenes as they appear in the movie? (45)
① (B)→(C)→(D)→(A)
② (B)→(D)→(C)→(A)
③ (D)→(A)→(B)→(C)
④ (D)→(B)→(A)→(C)

解答・解説

問１ After watching the movie, Satoko thought that it (41).
① accurately showed the life of Yukio Kodama
② gave her a feeling of being in the village
③ made her like the book even more
④ should be avoided by the fans of the book

■

■正解：①×　②×　③○　④×

問２ Before watching the movie, Joe expected it would be (42).
① a valuable cultural experience
② different from the original book
③ great because it was famous
④ hard for him to follow the story

■問題

■正解：①×　②×　③×　④○

問３ Both Satoko and Joe praise (43).
① the performance of the main actor
② the performance of the main actress
③ the quality of the camera work
④ the quality of the original book

■

Satoko from Osaka, Japan
Rating: ★★★★☆
I finally watched the DVD of "Tomo and Aki," the award-winning film based on the famous book by Yukio Kodama. I love this book and have read it many times. Kodama's detailed descriptions of life in Japan's countryside are amazing, and the story is both funny and touching. Tomo and Aki, a young urban couple, move to a rural village but struggle with their strange new life. I avoided the movie for a long time because I thought it could never be as good as the book. While I was right in some ways, the movie was still very enjoyable to watch.

While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama's words. The actor playing Tomo, a shy and ordinary character in the book, looks too confident and handsome for the role. 【On the other hand, the actress who plays Aki is very believable, perfectly showing emotions such as joy, frustration, and sorrow.】 Aki really regrets their move. Throughout the first half of the movie, she tries to maintain at least one small part of her city lifestyle by often wearing high heels and perfect makeup around the village. In the powerful conclusion of the movie, she gives birth to twins, which helps her to let go of the past completely and become truly content with her life in the village. One interesting point is the appearance of Jun Daichi, only 15 years old then, playing a supporting role as a boy from a neighboring village. I am a big fan of this actor, who became famous for his later work but already shows his talent for acting in this small part.
Although I was extremely familiar with the book, 【watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story.】 Anyone who loves the book can still enjoy this movie, and if you love the movie, go read the book too!

Joe from Buffalo, NY, USA
Rating: ★★★★★

My Japanese friend took me to the Asian Film Festival yesterday to see "Tomo and Aki." I usually avoid foreign movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time. However, this movie was so fascinating and delightful that I soon forgot I was reading the dialogue. The story describes a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when he tries to escape his busy life in the city. The best part of the movie is how it shows the interesting and unique life in Japan's countryside. The camera work and soundtrack also add to the experience and fit nicely with the lively atmosphere of the film. I was fascinated and entertained throughout the entire two hours.

The opening scene immediately grabbed my attention with a huge frog jumping in front of Aki, the main female character, and her screaming voice echoing into the surrounding mountains. 【Actually, I was very impressed with the actress's performance as she transforms herself from a talented comedian, particularly in the scenes where she is trying to manage a vegetable garden while battling insects, rainstorms, and lots of mud.】

Among the many older village people, who are usually staring at the young couple, there are some truly amusing and unique characters. My favorite was an old woman, a legend in the village, who eventually becomes a good friend of the couple. In a memorable scene towards the end of the movie, the old woman teaches Aki how to cook wild mushrooms while telling strange traditional folk stories from the village.
Overall, I really liked this movie. The story is entertaining and the acting is great, but best of all, you can really see a different side of Japanese culture in the movie. I highly recommend this film!

■正解：①×　②○　③×　④×

問４
■正解：①○　②×　③×　④×

問５ Which of the following shows the order of the scenes as they appear in the movie? (45)
① (B)→(C)→(D)→(A)
② (B)→(D)→(C)→(A)
③ (D)→(A)→(B)→(C)
④ (D)→(B)→(A)→(C)

■

Satoko from Osaka, Japan
Rating: ★★★★☆
I finally watched the DVD of "Tomo and Aki," the award-winning film based on the famous book by Yukio Kodama. I love this book and have read it many times. Kodama's detailed descriptions of life in Japan's countryside are amazing, and the story is both funny and touching. Tomo and Aki, a young urban couple, move to a rural village but struggle with their strange new life. I avoided the movie for a long time because I thought it could never be as good as the book. While I was right in some ways, the movie was still very enjoyable to watch.

While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama's words. The actor playing Tomo, a shy and ordinary character in the book, looks too confident and handsome for the role. On the other hand, the actress who plays Aki is very believable, perfectly showing emotions such as joy, frustration, and sorrow. Aki really regrets their move. 【B Throughout the first half of the movie, she tries to maintain at least one small part of her city lifestyle by often wearing high heels and perfect makeup around the village.】【C In the powerful conclusion of the movie, she gives birth to twins, which helps her to let go of the past completely and become truly content with her life in the village.】 One interesting point is the appearance of Jun Daichi, only 15 years old then, playing a supporting role as a boy from a neighboring village. I am a big fan of this actor, who became famous for his later work but already shows his talent for acting in this small part.
Although I was extremely familiar with the book, watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story. Anyone who loves the book can still enjoy this movie, and if you love the movie, go read the book too!

Joe from Buffalo, NY, USA
Rating: ★★★★★

My Japanese friend took me to the Asian Film Festival yesterday to see "Tomo and Aki." I usually avoid foreign movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time. However, this movie was so fascinating and delightful that I soon forgot I was reading the dialogue. The story describes a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when he tries to escape his busy life in the city. The best part of the movie is how it shows the interesting and unique life in Japan's countryside. The camera work and soundtrack also add to the experience and fit nicely with the lively atmosphere of the film. I was fascinated and entertained throughout the entire two hours.

【DThe opening scene immediately grabbed my attention with a huge frog jumping in front of Aki, the main female character, and her screaming voice echoing into the surrounding mountains.】 Actually, I was very impressed with the actress's performance as she transforms herself from a talented comedian, particularly in the scenes where she is trying to manage a vegetable garden while battling insects, rainstorms, and lots of mud.

Among the many older village people, who are usually staring at the young couple, there are some truly amusing and unique characters. My favorite was an old woman, a legend in the village, who eventually becomes a good friend of the couple. 【A In a memorable scene towards the end of the movie, the old woman teaches Aki how to cook wild mushrooms while telling strange traditional folk stories from the village.】
Overall, I really liked this movie. The story is entertaining and the acting is great, but best of all, you can really see a different side of Japanese culture in the movie. I highly recommend this film!

■正解：①×　②×　③×　④○

DBAC

His reluctance to pay rent will just add to his mother's burden.
彼が家賃の支払いを渋れば、彼の母親の負担が増す。

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第6問
次の文章を読み，下の問い(A・B)に答えよ。なお，文章の左にある(1)～(6)は段落の番号を表している。(配点 36)

(1) Dance is one of the oldest forms of art, and it is seen in every culture and performed for a variety of purposes. In modern society, dance is widely recognized as a form of entertainment: many people enjoy dancing for fun or watching their favorite artists dance on stage or screen. It can also be a form of sport; there are dance competitions of various types. In addition to these obvious functions, however, there are other more complex roles dancers can play in a society.

(2) Sometimes dance serves to help teach social rules to young members of a community. A kind of dance called the minuet is a good example. The minuet originated in France and by the 18th century had become popular among the European elite. In Britain, debutantes, or upper-class women about to make their entrance into adult society by attending their first dance, were strictly trained for their first minuet. They usually danced it before a crowd of people who would critically observe their movements and behavior. This dance taught them how to behave like a member of high society. One writer, in fact, called the minuet one of the best schools of manners ever invented.

(3) Dance has also been used to make sure that adults follow the rules of their community. An example comes from research conducted in the mid-1900s on dances performed after hunts by the Mbuti Pygmies, an ethnic group living in parts of Central Africa. Suppose something had gone wrong in the hunt. For example, an opportunity to catch an animal was missed because someone neglected to perform their role of hitting the ground to drive the animal towards the hunters. Later, a dancer would act out the event to show the wrong action and perhaps embarrass that person. It is easy to imagine that this would discourage behavior that could ruin a future hunt.

(4) In some cultures, dance can be a way of displaying power. For instance, there is another report fro the mid-1900s describing how the Maring people of New Guinea would hold dances to show their military strength and recruit allies for possible battles. Although battles often occurred after these dances, it is also said that these dances could contribute to peaceful solutions among enemy groups. Through the dances, a group's size and strength would become obvious to potential opponents, and this could help avoid a fight.

(5) Through dance, groups can also exhibit their traditions and, thus, increase their prestige. An example of this is the world-famous Trinidad Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean island country that was once a European colony. The roots of this event can be traced to the late 1700s, when the European colonists held a carnival, dancing in elaborate costumes. People in African origin, many of whom came to the island as slaves, were mostly excluded. After slavery ended in 1838, they started to participate fully and changed the character of the carnival. In their dances, they acted out scenes from the slavery period and displayed their own traditions. Their performances were a way for them to show past injustices and to earn recognition for their customs.

(6) The roles of dance discussed here, maintaining traditions and demonstrating group strength or cultural richness, have one shared effect: they unite members of a group. Dance is not just an artistic expression but a way for groups to strengthen their shared identity. Though it may not be apparent, this effect may also apply to us. For example, there might be dances unique to our local regions that we participate in. Why do we take part in such activities and how did these dances originate? Considering the role of dance in our lives can lead to interesting discoveries about the history or values of our own society.

A 次の問い（問１～５）の(46)～(50)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の①～④のうちから１つずつ選べ。

問１　In paragraph (2), the topic of debutantes is introduced to provide an example of (46).
① how long it took young people to learn the minuet
② the kind of schools that the European elite attended
③ the role women played when dancing the minuet
④ young people learning how to act properly

問２　According to paragraph (3), the Mbuti Pygmies (47).
① disciplined careless hunters through dance
② handed down customs and traditions through dance
③ made lazy members dance after a day's hunt
④ performed culturally desirable behavior by dance

問３　Paragraph (4) suggests that dance could discourage (48) among the Maring people.
① military recruiting
② peace-making
③ physical conflict
④ power display

問４　Paragraph (5) mentions (49).
① how the Trinidad Carnival was transformed
② when the Caribbean area was first colonized
③ where the African dance tradition started
④ why the Europeans started the Trinidad Carnival

問５　The main idea of this passage is that (50).
① dance can bring us together and also help us understand society
② dance plays a significant role in educating upper-class people
③ the primary purpose of dance is entertainment and exercise
④ understanding the history of dance is important

B 次の表は、本文の段落と内容をまとめたものである。(51)～(55)に入れるものに最も適当なものを、下の①～⑤のうちから１つずつ選び、表を完成させよ。ただし、同じものを繰り返して選んではいけない。
① Dance for passing down appropriate cultural behavior
② How dance improves a group's status
③ The common function of dance and its significance
④ The demonstration of group force through dance
⑤ Using dance to point out unfavorable actions

■解答・解説

Ａ
問１

■問題

■解説

問２

■問題

■解説

問３

■問題

■解説

問４

■問題

■解説

問５

■問題

■解説

Ｂ
B 次の表は、本文の段落と内容をまとめたものである。(51)～(55)に入れるものに最も適当なものを、下の①～⑤のうちから１つずつ選び、表を完成させよ。ただし、同じものを繰り返して選んではいけない。

① Dance for passing down appropriate cultural behavior
② How dance improves a group's status
③ The common function of dance and its significance
④ The demonstration of group force through dance
⑤ Using dance to point out unfavorable actions

■解答

51　①
52　●⑤
53　●④
54　②
55　●③

■解説

① Dance for passing down appropriate cultural behavior

■

② How dance improves a group's status

■

③ The common function of dance and its significance

■

④ The demonstration of group force through dance

■

⑤ Using dance to point out unfavorable actions

■

■
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