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次の英文を読んで、下の設問に答えよ。
The notion that every problem can be studied as such with an open and empty mind, without prejudice, without knowing what has already been learned about it, must condemn men to a permanent childishness. For no man, and no generation of men, is capable of inventing for itself the arts and sciences of a high civilization. No one, and no one generation, is capable of rediscovering all the truths men need, of developing sufficient knowledge by applying a mere intelligence, no matter how acute, to mere observation, no matter how accurate. The men of any generation, as a French philosopher once put it, are like dwarfs seated on the shoulders of giants. If we are to "see more things than the ancients and things more distant" it is "due to neither the sharpness of our sight nor the greatness of our stature" but "simply because they have lent us their own."
For individuals do not have the time, the opportunity or the energy to make all the experiments and to discern all the significance that have gone into the making of the whole heritage of civilization. In developing knowledge men must collaborate with their ancestors. Otherwise they must begin, not where their ancestors arrived, but where their ancestors began. If they exclude the tradition of the past from the curriculums of the schools they make it necessary for each generation to repeat the errors rather than to benefit by the success of preceding generations. [東大・改、早大・改]
設問
[A] 下線をほどこした部分を和訳しなさい。
[B] 上の英文と内容が一致するものを、次に与えられた(a)〜(g)の中から２つ選び、記号で答えよ。
(a) Every problem should be approached with open-mindedness and without prejudice. This will keep us from misunderstanding of the problem.
(b) A society cannot be progressive unless it builds on its tradition.
(c) As our intelligence is naturally more acute, our observation more accurate than those of our ancestors, we should not be preoccupied with the less advanced knowledge of our predecessors.
(d) In re-examining what has been handed down to us, we should discern between what is significant and what is not.
(e) We should begin our experiments where our ancestors began, not where they reached so that our experiments may be valid and accurate.
(f) What enables men to know more than their predecessors is that men start with knowledge of what their ancestors have already learned.
(g) Our ancestors were childish in the eyes of modern men. They could not develop sufficient scientific knowledge.
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管理人
- 04/9/20(月) -
