{{outline3}}

{{b_secret
{{layout rollout,title:メモ
{{memo}}
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{{layout rollout,title:■他の年度

{{include センター試験,年度別}}

}}

{{b_secret
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!!!はじめに
{{include いんくるーど,センター}}

//問題は、
//http://nyushi.yomiuri.co.jp/10/center/

{{b_secret
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//http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/15ch/001.jpg


}}
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{{b_secret


{{ref 2015年センター本試験.pdf}}
{{attach}}
}}


!!!動画解説
以下の解説は、センター試験が行われた翌朝、2015年1月18日に初見で解説をしながら、解いていったものです。
!!1
{{youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUno4jjjcJo}}
!!2
{{youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DByI_MOCFEc&feature=youtu.be}}
!!3
{{youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJDzaE8Dfoo&feature=youtu.be}}
!!!第１問

 以下は作成中です。

!!第１問Ａ
① g__e__nerate　② g__e__nius　③ m__e__dium　④ m__e__ter　


{{b_secret
{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。
//http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/2011ch/eigo_101.gif
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2014hmon1_1.gif

}}
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{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/13_cnt_h_1A.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。
{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説

問１
① g__e__nerate　② g__e__nius　③ m__e__dium　④ m__e__ter　

■正解: {{monta ①,black}}
//http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/boast.gif


■
よく出る発音・アクセントのルール　小柳政男・著　桐原書店

■
Th__e__ nin__e__ __e__lite officials will exp__e__rience a visit to __E__ngland with m__e__ in F__e__bruary.


■
① 47% nam__e__　[[マジック e]]
② 27% h__e__n b__e__d m__e__n t__e__n p__e__t
③ 12% b__e__gin pr__e__tty b__e__lieve b__e__fore b__e__come
④ 9%  h__e__llo
⑤ 4%  __e__vening th__e__se __e__ven
⑥ 1%  exp__e__rience
７     __e__lite


■
pet - Pete

■
英語音声学演習　小川直義・他　泰文堂


問２
① b__a__sic　② in__s__urance　③ __s__erious　④ __s__ymbol　


■正解: {{monta ④,black}}


■
① 75% __s__tar
② 22% mu__s__ic
③ 1% televi__s__ion
④ 1% __s__ugar
⑤ 1% i__s__land

■
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/eanoyomikata.gif

■
I u__s__ually vi__s__it the i__s__land to __s__ell __s__ugar.

{{b_secret
■
s は語頭では、sugar, sure などを除けば[s]と発音される。語中では、後に無声音が来れば[s], 有声音が来れば[z]となるのが普通。
}}


■
センター試験の発音問題で問われる発音のトップ10
a, i, ea, s, o, ch, oo, cc, th, ou


問３
① cas__t__le　② sub__t__le　③ ti__t__le　④ tur__t__le　


■正解: {{monta ③,black}}


■
knight は「騎士」という意味ですが、読み方は、「ナイト」となります。つまり、この単語は、k と gh を読んでいないわけです。こういう読まないのに書く文字のことを「黙字」と呼びます。


■
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/fastenmokuji.gif
cas'''t'''le debu'''t''' Chris'''t'''mas ches'''t'''nut

■
soft soften 
haste hasten
list - listen

■[[黙字]]
{{b_secret
receipt talk know 
write
castle

[t]音の消失は -s または -f の後で発生します。
fasten often Christmas
}}


__下線部の発音が、最初の単語の下線部と同じであるものを１つ選びなさい。　　[センター 1992年本]
rou__gh__
(1) brou__gh__t　☆(2) cou__gh__　(3) __gh__ost　(4) thorou__gh__


下線部の発音が、最初の単語の下線部と同じであるものを１つ選びなさい。　　[センター 1992年追]
fa__st__en
(1) assi__st__ance　☆(2) ca__st__le　(3) ha__st__e　(4) in__st__rument


}}


!!第１問Ｂ
① degree　② insect　③ percent　④ success　


{{b_secret
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{{b_secret
{{layout rollout,title:■他のサイトの解説
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!動画解説

{{youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRS8uvIzLK0&feature=youtu.be}}


!音声解説


{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/13_cnt_h_1B.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。
{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説


B 次の間い(問１～３)において第一アクセント(第一強勢)の位置がほかの三つと異なるものを，それぞ、れ下の①～④のうちから一つずつ選べ。

問１
① degree　② insect　③ percent　④ success

{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ②,black}}
{{b_secret
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/eeoonohou.gif
}}

■
agrEE disagrEE disagrEEment
career, employee, examinee, gurantee, mountaineer, nominee, pioneer, proceed, volunteer
balloon, bamboo, cartoon, kangaroo, racoon, shampoo, taboo, typhoon など。
例外： YAnkee, commIttee, cUckoo, hOneymoon, coffee
}}


問２
① energy　② essential　③ photograph　④ relative

{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ②,black}}

■外来語のアクセント
{{include 説明画像一覧,アクセント}}

{{b_secret
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/graphgraphy.gif
}}

■
phOtograph
photOgraphy

biography 電気
geography 地理学
telegraph 電信

}}

問３
① continue 　② dynamic　③ encourage　④ hamburger　
{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ④,black}}

■
dynAmic
artistic 
characteristic
dramatic
enthusiastic

例外
CAtholic
}}

問４
① accurately 　② architecture　③ historical　④ operator　


{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ③,black}}

① Accurately 　② Architecture　③ histOrical　④ Operatior　
{{b_secret
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/1niarugo.gif
}}


■
よく出る発音・アクセントのルール 小柳正男・著　桐原書店


■
[[センター　アクセント問題]]
[[アクセント]]


■
１音節目にアクセントのある単語５つ
２音節目にアクセントのある単語を５つ
３音節目にアクセントのある単語を５つ


}}


}}


!!!第２問

!!第２問Ａ
Did you make your grandfather angry again? You should know better than that.
(1) know better than　(2) know less than　(3) make do with　(4) make up with
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{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説
■解説１（動画）
{{youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOTaOoPDgFI&feature=youtu.be}}
■解説２（音声）
{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch2a.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。


//A文法・語法・語句問題は昨年度並み。
問１
I understand (　 ) of our students are working part-time in the evening to pay their school expenses.
(1) almost　(2) any　(3) anyone　(4) most
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (4),black}}
■和訳: 

■
A of B
部分 of 全体
one of them
two of them
all of them

■
(名詞) of our students

■
×(1) almost　副詞
(2) any　名詞、形容詞、副詞
(3) anyone　名詞
(4) most　名詞、形容詞、副詞

■
some
Some went there.
Some people went there.
Some thirty students went there.


■
[[almost と most の使い方]]

}}

問２
Of the seven people here now, one is from China, three are from the US, and (　 ) from France.
(1) other　(2) others　(3) the other　(4) the others
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (4),black}}
■和訳: 


■
and (　 ) are from France.


■
a pen / pens / the pen / the pens
another / others / the other / the others

■
the that 

■
[[one the other another など]]


}}

問３
My brother (　 ) have been very popular when he was a high school student. He still gets lots of New Year's cards from his former classmates.
(1) must　(2) ought to　(3) should　(4) would
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (1),black}}
■和訳: 

■
should = ought to　はず、べき
should have Vp.p.
= ought to have Vp.p.

■
//would have Vp.p.　はどういう使い方をするのか調べておく。
[[would have done]]

}}


問４
Eric's friends, Minoru and Sachiko, will be here at seven this evening. He (　 ) doing his homework by then.
(1) has been finshed　(2) has finished　(3) will have finished　(4) would finish
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (3),black}}
■和訳: 

■
未来完了形

}}


問５
Our family doctor suggested that our son (　 ) a complete medical checkup every year.　[センター試験 2013本]
(1) get　(2) getting　(3) is getting　(4) to get
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (1),black}}
■和訳: うちのかかりつけの医者が、息子に毎年人間ドックを受けるように勧めてくれた。


■
[[仮定法現在]]

■
I suggested to Mary (　 ) with me to collect empty cans on the street, but she said she was too busy.　　　[センター]
(1) come　☆(2) that she come　(3) that she had come　(4) to have come

http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/suggest_that.gif


}}


問６
Japan (　 ) of four large islands and many small islands.
(1) consists　(2) contains　(3) forms　(4) organizes
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (1),black}}
■和訳: 


■
Water consists of two elements. : 水は二つの元素からできている。

The book consists of six lessons.  【その本は６課で構成されている。】
}}


問７
Did you have a chance to meet your grandfather (　 ) the winter vacation?
(1) during　(2) inside　(3) on　(4) while
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (1),black}}
■和訳: 

■
[[接続詞か前置詞か？]]

http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/H/gifs/during_while.gif

}}


問８
I don't enjoy going to Tokyo. It's hard for me to put (　 ) all th crowds.
(1) away　(2) on　(3) up to　(4) up with
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (4),black}}
■和訳: 


■
put up with = bear = endure = stand

■
２語動詞
３語動詞

}}


問９
When my younger brother and I were children, my mother often asked me to keep (　 ) him so he wouldn't get lost.
(1) an eye on　(2) away from　(3) back from　(4) in time with
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (1),black}}
■和訳: 


■
so (that) ...

}}


問10
I was offered a good position with a generous salary, but I decided to turn it (　 ) because I wanted to stay near my family.
(1) around　(2) down　(3) out　(4) over
{{layout rollout,title:■正解
■正解: {{monta (2),black}}
■和訳: 

■
turn down the offer.
turn the offer down
×turn down it
turn if off


■
[[pick it up など]]


}}
}}
!!第２問Ｂ
Brad: Excuse me, Mr. Tani.
{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。


}}

{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説
{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch2b.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。

問１　②
問２　②
問３　③

■
The train is due to arrive at ten.  【その列車は10時に着く予定だ。】

He is tired due to lack of sleep.  【睡眠不足のせいで疲れている。】

■
make an excuse to leave early  【早く帰るための言い訳をする
}}


!!第２問Ｃ
My friend, who can play basketball very well, practices ...
{{b_secret
{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。

{{a 問１|https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/2577633/hotpotato/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E4%B8%A6%E3%81%B3%E6%9B%BF%E3%81%88/01.htm,target=_blank}}　

{{a 問２|https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/2577633/hotpotato/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E4%B8%A6%E3%81%B3%E6%9B%BF%E3%81%88/02.htm,target=_blank}}　

{{a 問３|https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/2577633/hotpotato/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E4%B8%A6%E3%81%B3%E6%9B%BF%E3%81%88/03.htm,target=_blank}}　

}}
}}

{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説
{{youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ul6xiTnWCcs&feature=youtu.be}}


問１
正解: {{monta ②④,black}}

■
as often as
three times as often as 
three times as often as I do


Australis is as large as Japan.
Australis is 20 times as large as Japan.


■
並び替え問題
後置修飾
文型
間接疑問文


問２
正解: {{monta ⑤①,black}}

■
Mainly, I (owe what I am to) my uncle.


問３
正解: {{monta ④⑤,black}}

■
In Japan, when people become eighteen, they (are old enough to get) a driver's license.


×enough old 
○old enough
○enough money

○too old
○old enough

■
富田の入試英文法―代々木ゼミ方式 Ver.2 整序問題 (単行本)
{{amazon 4896804201}}


■センター整序問題　過去問
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/H/cntr/gokuseijo.html


■
センター　語句整序問題

■
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/ptt/That_gallery.htm

}}


!!!第３問


!!第３問Ａ
Judy: Hi, Luke.
{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。
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}}


{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説
{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch3a.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。

問１
■正解: {{monta ③,black}}

■
In this group, she is the one that calls the shots. 　このグループでは、彼女が采配を振っている。
He always wants to call the shots. I wonder if that's because he is an only child. 
この子、いつも自分の思い通りにしようとするのよ。一人っ子だからかしら。

問２
■正解: {{monta ②,black}}

［ラテン語←ギリシャ語epitom （epi-中へ＋temnein切る＝重要でない部分を切ったもの→要約）. △TOME］
}}


!!第３問Ｂ
Bob: OK. Let's get started.
{{b_secret
{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。
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}}
}}


{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説
{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch3b.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。

29.
■正解: {{monta ②,black}}


30. 
■正解: {{monta ①,black}}


31. 
■正解: {{monta ④,black}}


}}


!!第３問Ｃ
C 次の会話は、「迷信」をテーマとして、日本のある大学において行なわれた公開講座でのやりとりの一部である。(32)～(34)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の①～④のうちから１つずつ選べ。

{{b_secret
迷信とは？
}}

{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/15ch/011.jpg
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/15ch/012.jpg
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/15ch/013.jpg


C 次の会話は、「迷信」をテーマとして、日本のある大学において行なわれた公開講座でのやりとりの一部である。(32)～(34)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の①～④のうちから１つずつ選べ。


Moderator: The title of today's discussion is "Superstitions -- what they are, and why people believe in them." Our guest speakers are Joseph Grant, a university professor who lives here in Japan, and Lily Nelson, a visiting professor from Canada. Joseph, can you explain what a superstition is?

Joseph: Superstitions are beliefs for which there is no obvious rational basis. For example, there are various dates and numbers that people are superstitious about. In many places, "Friday the 13th" is thought to be unlucky, and here in Japan, 4 and 9 are also considered unlucky. In contrast, 7 is known as "Lucky 7." A superstitious person believes that actions such as choosing or avoiding certain numbers can influence future events even though there is no direct connection between them. Believing in superstitions is one of the ways humans can make sense of a set of unusual events which cause someone to feel lucky or unlucky. This seems to have been true throughout history, regardless of race or cultural background.

Moderator: So, it is your view that (32).


① superstitions are rationally based on certain dates and numbers
② superstitions can be used to explain happenings around us
③ superstitious people believe race and culture are related to luck
④ superstitious people tend to have identical beliefs regarding history


Joseph: That's right. Superstitions tend to come from a combination of primitive belief systems and coincidence -- things that happen by chance.
Moderator: Could you tell us more about it?
Joseph: A primitive belief system develops from the natural human tendency to look for patterns in the world around us. Noticing patterns allow us to learn things quickly. However, sometimes chance or coincidental events are mistaken for a pattern, like passing a series of tests using the same pencil every time. The pencil is unrelated to passing the tests, but becomes a "lucky"  pencil because of the coincidental connection. So, we may come to believe that one event causes another without any natural process linking the two events. I experienced this myself when I was called "Ame-otoko" or "Rain-man" by Japanese friends. By coincidence, I was present on occasions when it was raining and so gained a "rainy reputation." Rationally speaking, we know that nobody can make rain fall from the sky, but our primitive belief system, combined with coincidence, creates a superstition around the "Rain-man."

Moderator: How interesting! So, you are saying that (33).

① an "Ame-otoko" or "Rain-man" causes rain to fall from the sky
② coincidental events or chance patterns can create superstitions
③ looking for patterns is an unnatural action for humans
④ primitive belief systems create coincidental events

Moderator: How about you, Lily? Do you agree with Joseph?

Lily: Yes, I do, especially regarding the notion of coincidence or chance. In an attempt to better understand human behavior, an American psychologist conducted a famous experiment called "Superstition in the Pigeon" on a group of hungry birds. The pigeons were in cages and a feeding machine automatically delivered small amounts of food at regular time intervals. The psychologist observed that the pigeons began to repeat the specific body movements that they had been making whenever the food was delivered. He believed that the pigeons were trying to  influence the machine to deliver food by their repeated movements. He assumed that we humans also do the same and try to influence future events by performing non-logical actions. Superstitious humans, just like the "superstitious" pigeons, associate an action with an outcome even though there is no logical connection.

Moderator: So, that psychologist thought from the experiment that (34).

① pigeons and humans both perform superstitious actions
② pigeons and humans both tend to influence machines
③ the pigeons knew when the food would be delivered
④ the pigeons' repeated actions influenced the food delivery

Lily: Yes, that's exactly right.

Moderator: Thank you, Joseph and Lily, for sharing your knowledge on suppressions and why people are superstitious. Let's take a quick break here before we move on with the discussion.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstition


'SUPERSTITION' IN THE PIGEON
B. F. Skinner
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Pigeon/

How pigeons get to be superstitious
http://io9.com/5746904/how-pigeons-get-to-be-superstitious


Common Superstitions

 
Friday the thirteenth is an unlucky day
A rabbit's foot brings good luck
An apple a day keeps the doctor away
To find a four-leaf clover is to find good luck
If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck
If a black cat crosses your path you will have bad luck
To break a mirror will bring you seven years bad luck
To open an umbrella in the house is to bring bad luck
To find a horseshoe brings good luck
Step on a crack, break your mother's back
You can break a bad luck spell by turning seven times in a clockwise circle
Garlic protects from evil spirits and vampires
Our fate is written in the stars
At the end of a rainbow is a pot of gold
Clothes worn inside out will bring good luck
Wearing your birthstone will bring you good luck
If you blow out all of the candles on your birthday cake with the first breath you will get whatever you wish for
To have a wish come true using a wishbone, two people make a wish, then take hold of each end of the bone and pull it until it separates. The person with the longer end gets his or her wish
An itchy palm means money will come your way
A beginner will always have good luck: beginner's luck
A cat has nine lives
Eating fish makes you smart
Toads cause warts
A cricket in the house brings good luck
Crossing your fingers helps to avoid bad luck and helps a wish come true
It is bad luck to sing at the table
It is bad luck to sleep on a table
After receiving a container of food, the container should never be returned empty
A lock of hair from a baby's first haircut should be kept for good luck
A bird that comes in your window brings bad luck
To refuse a kiss under mistletoe causes bad luck
Goldfish in the pond bring good luck
Goldfish in the house bring bad luck
For good luck, wear new clothes on Easter
An acorn at the window can keep lightning out of the house
If the bottom of your feet itch, you will make a trip
When a dog howls, death is near
It is bad luck to chase someone with a broom
A sailor wearing an earring cannot drown
To find a penny heads up, brings good luck
To cure a sty, rub it with a gold wedding band
Animals can talk at midnight on Christmas Eve
A drowned woman floats face up, a drowned man floats face down
A person cannot drown before going under three times
To drop a fork means a woman will visit
To drop a knife means a man will visit
To drop a spoon means a child will visit
To drop a dishcloth means bad luck is coming
If you shiver, someone is casting a shadow on your grave
To make a happy marriage, the bride must wear: something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue
The wedding veil protects the bride from the evil eye
Washing a car will bring rain
You must get out of bed on the same side you got in on or you will have bad luck
Evil spirits cannot harm you when you are standing in a circle
A cat will try to take the breath from a baby
Warm hands, cold heart
Cold hands, warm heart
It is unlucky to rock an empty rocking chair
To kill an albatross is to cause bad luck to the ship and all upon it
Wearing an opal when it is not your birthstone is bad luck
Smell dandelions, wet the bed
To give someone a purse or wallet without money in it will bring that person bad luck
A forked branch, held with a fork in each hand, will dip and point when it passes over water

}}


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{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch3c.mp3}}
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32.
■正解: {{monta ①,black}}

①長年にわたって何度も変更された複雑な時間帯。
②
③
④


33．
■正解: {{monta ②,black}}


34．
■正解: {{monta ②,black}}


■
http://www.tt.em-net.ne.jp/~taihaku/geography/database/timezone.html

■
observance of laws
}}


!!!第４問
!!第４問Ａ
The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on the availability and distribution of human health resources around world.
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/2577633/advtypew/20/center12pr.html
//わかりにくい文だ。ちょっと抽象的。
{{b_secret
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/availableoe.gif

http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/available.gif

難易度の高い単語を隠したもの
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/2577633/hotpotato/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E8%A9%A6%E9%A8%932013%E3%81%AE%EF%BC%94A.htm
available 
【形】
〔物が〕利用｛りよう｝［使用｛しよう｝］できる、入手｛にゅうしゅ｝できる、得られる
・At this moment, there are no taxies available at the station. : 現在のところ、駅で利用できるタクシーがありません。
〔製品などが〕在庫｛ざいこ｝としてある、市販｛しはん｝されている、標準生産｛ひょうじゅん せいさん｝の
・Certain products may not be available in your country. : 商品によってはお客様の国で発売されていないことがあります。
〔アパートなどが〕入居｛にゅうきょ｝できる、空いている
〔人が〕手が空いている、応対できる、会うことができる、話をする時間がある
〔会議｛かいぎ｝・電話｛でんわ｝などに人が〕出られる
・"Hello, this is Jane Doe of X company. May I speak to Mr. Robert Smith, please?" "Just a moment, please.... Thank you for waiting. I'm afraid Mr. Smith is not available at this moment." : 「もしもし。X社のジェーン・ドーでございます。ロバート・スミス様をお願い致します」「少々お待ちくださいませ…。お待たせ致しました。スミスはただ今席を外しております」◆電話
・Is Mr. Yamada available? : 山田さんはいらっしゃいますか？◆電話
有効｛ゆうこう｝な、通用｛つうよう｝する
}}

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■１■
　①The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on the availability and distribution of human health resources around the world. ②The World Health Report 2006 analyzes factors affecting countries' health care environments. ③The data collected reveal a range of situations and have helped WHO propose a long-term action plan for improving health care offered in every country.
■２■
　①One of the key factors contributing to a country's health are conditions is its numbers of health care workers. ②The report estimates the shortage of these professionals at an alarming 4.3 million worldwide. ③It further points out that the shortage is most severe in the poorest nations, especially those located south of the Sahara Desert which are faced with high rates of disease. ④As Table 1 shows, Senegal and Ghana, for example, have very low numbers of doctors and nurses per 10,000 people.
■３■
　①Surprisingly, perhaps, countries such as Russia and Cuba actually have higher proportions of medical professionals than some richer countries. ②The systems for qualifying health care workers do differ from country to country. ③Still, these two countries clearly give priority to ensuring that there are sufficient numbers of professionals.
■４■
　①Another important factor is a country's health care spending, shown in Table 1 as a percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP), or the total value of all its goods and services. ②Despite their lower proportions of doctors, countries such as the USA, Sweden, and France spend much more on health care, both as a percentage of GDP and as an actual amount, than Russia and Cuba.
■４■
　①With these factors and other conditions in mind, WHO has proposed solutions to the global shortage of health care workers. ②Areas of particular concern include war-torn countries such as Somalia and Afghanistan. ③Countries and organizations have provided financial aid in the past. ④Because money donated has not always led to more spending in health care, however, the report recommends a 10-year plan to help countries build sustainable training systems. ⑤International cooperation is vital to WHO's proposal; countries at risk must be able to rely on the support of various global partners. ⑥Japan, the UK, and other countries are expected to give assistance including medical knowledge. ⑦Perhaps WHO's vision of "universal access to health care" can become a reality.


　The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on the availability and distribution of human health resources around the world. The World Health Report 2006 analyzes factors affecting countries' health care environments. The data collected reveal a range of situations and have helped WHO propose a long-term action plan for improving health care offered in every country.
　One of the key factors contributing to a country's health are conditions is its numbers of health care workers. The report estimates the shortage of these professionals at an alarming 4.3 million worldwide. It further points out that the shortage is most severe in the poorest nations, especially those located south of the Sahara Desert which are faced with high rates of disease. As Table 1 shows, Senegal and Ghana, for example, have very low numbers of doctors and nurses per 10,000 people.
　Surprisingly, perhaps, countries such as Russia and Cuba actually have higher proportions of medical professionals than some richer countries. The systems for qualifying health care workers do differ from country to country. Still, these two countries clearly give priority to ensuring that there are sufficient numbers of professionals.
　Another important factor is a country's health care spending, shown in Table 1 as a percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP), or the total value of all its goods and services. Despite their lower proportions of doctors, countries such as the USA, Sweden, and France spend much more on health care, both as a percentage of GDP and as an actual amount, than Russia and Cuba.
　With these factors and other conditions in mind, WHO has proposed solutions to the global shortage of health care workers. Areas of particular concern include war-torn countries such as Somalia and Afghanistan. Countries and organizations have provided financial aid in the past. Because money donated has not always led to more spending in health care, however, the report recommends a 10-year plan to help countries build sustainable training systems. International cooperation is vital to WHO's proposal; countries at risk must be able to rely on the support of various global partners. Japan, the UK, and other countries are expected to give assistance including medical knowledge. Perhaps WHO's vision of "universal access to health care! can become a reality.
}}


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{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch4a.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。


問１　②
問２　③
問３　①○　②○　③○　④×

■
A Ghana
B U.S.A.
C Russia

■
tear tore torn


}}


!!第４問Ｂ
Which is the following statements is true?
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}}


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{{b_secret
{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch4b.mp3}}
}}

{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch4bb.mp3}}

再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。

問１　①×　②×　③×　④○
問２　③
問３　①○　②×　③×　④×

問１
×①セッションの１時間前に到着しなければいけない。
×②フレームは３色ある。
×③写真は３営業日以内に届けれる。
○④スタッフがお客さんの身だしなみを手伝ってくれる。


not only A but also B = B as well as A


問２　商品を個々に買わないで、ファンタスティックパッケージプランを使えば、非会員はいくら節約になりますか？

パッケージプランで買った場合　200ドル
Large 1
Medium 2
Wallet Size Single-image sheets 8
Multi-iage sheets 2
Frame for Large-image sheet 1


別々に買った場合　$240
Large 1　$40
Medium 2　$40
Wallet Size Single-image sheets 8　$40
Multi-image sheets 2　$100
Frame for Large-image sheet 1　$20

問３　内容一致
①５枚の写真がマルチイメージシートに含まれる。
②会員は毎年40ドルの会費を払わなければならない。
③お客さんは、20周年記念の割引を12月31日まで受けることができる。
④


As many as 20 cars were involved in the accident. 
20台もの車がその事故に巻き込まれた。
■
高認


}}


!!!第５問
Satoko from Osaka, Japan


{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。
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"Tomo and Aki" (2005) Japan

Satoko from Osaka, Japan
Rating: ★★★★☆
I finally watched the DVD of "Tomo and Aki," the award-winning film based on the famous book by Yukio Kodama. I love this book and have read it many times. Kodama's detailed descriptions of life in Japan's countryside are amazing, and the story is both funny and touching. Tomo and Aki, a young urban couple, move to a rural village but struggle with their strange new life. I avoided the movie for a long time because I thought it could never be as good as the book. While I was right in some ways, the movie was still very enjoyable to watch.

While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama's words. The actor playing Tomo, a shy and ordinary character in the book, looks too confident and handsome for the role. On the other hand, the actress who plays Aki is very believable, perfectly showing emotions such as joy, frustration, and sorrow. Aki really regrets their move. Throughout the first half of the movie, she tries to maintain at least one small part of her city lifestyle by often wearing high heels and perfect makeup around the village. In the powerful conclusion of the movie, she gives birth to twins, which helps her to let go of the past completely and become truly content with her life in the village. One interesting point is the appearance of Jun Daichi, only 15 years old then, playing a supporting role as a boy from a neighboring village. I am a big fan of this actor, who became famous for his later work but already shows his talent for acting in this small part.
Although I was extremely familiar with the book, watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story. Anyone who loves the book can still enjoy this movie, and if you love the movie, go read the book too!

Joe from Buffalo, NY, USA
Rating: ★★★★★

My Japanese friend took me to the Asian Film Festival yesterday to see "Tomo and Aki." I usually avoid foreign movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time. However, this movie was so fascinating and delightful that I soon forgot I was reading the dialogue. The story describes a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when he tries to escape his busy life in the city. The best part of the movie is how it shows the interesting and unique life in Japan's countryside. The camera work and soundtrack also add to the experience and fit nicely with the lively atmosphere of the film. I was fascinated and entertained throughout the entire two hours.

The opening scene immediately grabbed my attention with a huge frog jumping in front of Aki, the main female character, and her screaming voice echoing into the surrounding mountains. Actually, I was very impressed with the actress's performance as she transforms herself from a talented comedian, particularly in the scenes where she is trying to manage a vegetable garden while battling insects, rainstorms, and lots of mud.

Among the many older village people, who are usually staring at the young couple, there are some truly amusing and unique characters. My favorite was an old woman, a legend in the village, who eventually becomes a good friend of the couple. In a memorable scene towards the end of the movie, the old woman teaches Aki how to cook wild mushrooms while telling strange traditional folk stories from the village.
Overall, I really liked this movie. The story is entertaining and the acting is great, but best of all, you can really see a different side of Japanese culture in the movie. I highly recommend this film!


問１ After watching the movie, Satoko thought that it (41).
① accurately showed the life of Yukio Kodama
② gave her a feeling of being in the village
③ made her like the book even more
④ should be avoided by the fans of the book

問２ Before watching the movie, Joe expected it would be (42).
① a valuable cultural experience
② different from the original book
③ great because it was famous
④ hard for him to follow the story

問３ Both Satoko and Joe praise (43).
① the performance of the main actor
② the performance of the main actress
③ the quality of the camera work
④ the quality of the original book

問４ According to the reviews, the theme of the story can be best described as (44).
① a character's adaptation to a new life
② a historically accurate description of old village life
③ the changing roles of women in modern society
④ the importance of sharing cultural traditions

問５ Which of the following shows the order of the scenes as they appear in the movie? (45)
① (B)→(C)→(D)→(A)
② (B)→(D)→(C)→(A)
③ (D)→(A)→(B)→(C)
④ (D)→(B)→(A)→(C)


}}


{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch5.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。

{{layout rollout,title:解答・解説

問１ After watching the movie, Satoko thought that it (41).
① accurately showed the life of Yukio Kodama
② gave her a feeling of being in the village
③ made her like the book even more
④ should be avoided by the fans of the book

{{layout rollout,title:■

Satoko from Osaka, Japan
Rating: ★★★★☆
I finally watched the DVD of "Tomo and Aki," the award-winning film based on the famous book by Yukio Kodama. I love this book and have read it many times. Kodama's detailed descriptions of life in Japan's countryside are amazing, and the story is both funny and touching. Tomo and Aki, a young urban couple, move to a rural village but struggle with their strange new life. I avoided the movie for a long time because I thought it could never be as good as the book. While I was right in some ways, the movie was still very enjoyable to watch.

While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama's words. The actor playing Tomo, a shy and ordinary character in the book, looks too confident and handsome for the role. On the other hand, the actress who plays Aki is very believable, perfectly showing emotions such as joy, frustration, and sorrow. Aki really regrets their move. Throughout the first half of the movie, she tries to maintain at least one small part of her city lifestyle by often wearing high heels and perfect makeup around the village. In the powerful conclusion of the movie, she gives birth to twins, which helps her to let go of the past completely and become truly content with her life in the village. One interesting point is the appearance of Jun Daichi, only 15 years old then, playing a supporting role as a boy from a neighboring village. I am a big fan of this actor, who became famous for his later work but already shows his talent for acting in this small part.
Although I was extremely familiar with the book, 【watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story.】 Anyone who loves the book can still enjoy this movie, and if you love the movie, go read the book too!


}}

■正解：{{monta ①×　②×　③○　④×,black}}


問２ Before watching the movie, Joe expected it would be (42).
① a valuable cultural experience
② different from the original book
③ great because it was famous
④ hard for him to follow the story

{{layout rollout,title:■問題

Joe from Buffalo, NY, USA
Rating: ★★★★★

My Japanese friend took me to the Asian Film Festival yesterday to see "Tomo and Aki." 【I usually avoid foreign movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time.】 However, this movie was so fascinating and delightful that I soon forgot I was reading the dialogue. The story describes a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when he tries to escape his busy life in the city. The best part of the movie is how it shows the interesting and unique life in Japan's countryside. The camera work and soundtrack also add to the experience and fit nicely with the lively atmosphere of the film. I was fascinated and entertained throughout the entire two hours.

The opening scene immediately grabbed my attention with a huge frog jumping in front of Aki, the main female character, and her screaming voice echoing into the surrounding mountains. Actually, I was very impressed with the actress's performance as she transforms herself from a talented comedian, particularly in the scenes where she is trying to manage a vegetable garden while battling insects, rainstorms, and lots of mud.

Among the many older village people, who are usually staring at the young couple, there are some truly amusing and unique characters. My favorite was an old woman, a legend in the village, who eventually becomes a good friend of the couple. In a memorable scene towards the end of the movie, the old woman teaches Aki how to cook wild mushrooms while telling strange traditional folk stories from the village.
Overall, I really liked this movie. The story is entertaining and the acting is great, but best of all, you can really see a different side of Japanese culture in the movie. I highly recommend this film!

}}
■正解：{{monta ①×　②×　③×　④○,black}}


問３ Both Satoko and Joe praise (43).
① the performance of the main actor
② the performance of the main actress
③ the quality of the camera work
④ the quality of the original book
{{layout rollout,title:■

Satoko from Osaka, Japan
Rating: ★★★★☆
I finally watched the DVD of "Tomo and Aki," the award-winning film based on the famous book by Yukio Kodama. I love this book and have read it many times. Kodama's detailed descriptions of life in Japan's countryside are amazing, and the story is both funny and touching. Tomo and Aki, a young urban couple, move to a rural village but struggle with their strange new life. I avoided the movie for a long time because I thought it could never be as good as the book. While I was right in some ways, the movie was still very enjoyable to watch.

While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama's words. The actor playing Tomo, a shy and ordinary character in the book, looks too confident and handsome for the role. 【On the other hand, the actress who plays Aki is very believable, perfectly showing emotions such as joy, frustration, and sorrow.】 Aki really regrets their move. Throughout the first half of the movie, she tries to maintain at least one small part of her city lifestyle by often wearing high heels and perfect makeup around the village. In the powerful conclusion of the movie, she gives birth to twins, which helps her to let go of the past completely and become truly content with her life in the village. One interesting point is the appearance of Jun Daichi, only 15 years old then, playing a supporting role as a boy from a neighboring village. I am a big fan of this actor, who became famous for his later work but already shows his talent for acting in this small part.
Although I was extremely familiar with the book, 【watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story.】 Anyone who loves the book can still enjoy this movie, and if you love the movie, go read the book too!

Joe from Buffalo, NY, USA
Rating: ★★★★★

My Japanese friend took me to the Asian Film Festival yesterday to see "Tomo and Aki." I usually avoid foreign movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time. However, this movie was so fascinating and delightful that I soon forgot I was reading the dialogue. The story describes a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when he tries to escape his busy life in the city. The best part of the movie is how it shows the interesting and unique life in Japan's countryside. The camera work and soundtrack also add to the experience and fit nicely with the lively atmosphere of the film. I was fascinated and entertained throughout the entire two hours.

The opening scene immediately grabbed my attention with a huge frog jumping in front of Aki, the main female character, and her screaming voice echoing into the surrounding mountains. 【Actually, I was very impressed with the actress's performance as she transforms herself from a talented comedian, particularly in the scenes where she is trying to manage a vegetable garden while battling insects, rainstorms, and lots of mud.】

Among the many older village people, who are usually staring at the young couple, there are some truly amusing and unique characters. My favorite was an old woman, a legend in the village, who eventually becomes a good friend of the couple. In a memorable scene towards the end of the movie, the old woman teaches Aki how to cook wild mushrooms while telling strange traditional folk stories from the village.
Overall, I really liked this movie. The story is entertaining and the acting is great, but best of all, you can really see a different side of Japanese culture in the movie. I highly recommend this film!


}}
■正解：{{monta ①×　②○　③×　④×,black}}


問４
■正解：{{monta ①○　②×　③×　④×,black}}


問５ Which of the following shows the order of the scenes as they appear in the movie? (45)
① (B)→(C)→(D)→(A)
② (B)→(D)→(C)→(A)
③ (D)→(A)→(B)→(C)
④ (D)→(B)→(A)→(C)

{{layout rollout,title:■
Satoko from Osaka, Japan
Rating: ★★★★☆
I finally watched the DVD of "Tomo and Aki," the award-winning film based on the famous book by Yukio Kodama. I love this book and have read it many times. Kodama's detailed descriptions of life in Japan's countryside are amazing, and the story is both funny and touching. Tomo and Aki, a young urban couple, move to a rural village but struggle with their strange new life. I avoided the movie for a long time because I thought it could never be as good as the book. While I was right in some ways, the movie was still very enjoyable to watch.

While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama's words. The actor playing Tomo, a shy and ordinary character in the book, looks too confident and handsome for the role. On the other hand, the actress who plays Aki is very believable, perfectly showing emotions such as joy, frustration, and sorrow. Aki really regrets their move. 【B Throughout the first half of the movie, she tries to maintain at least one small part of her city lifestyle by often wearing high heels and perfect makeup around the village.】 【C In the powerful conclusion of the movie, she gives birth to twins, which helps her to let go of the past completely and become truly content with her life in the village.】 One interesting point is the appearance of Jun Daichi, only 15 years old then, playing a supporting role as a boy from a neighboring village. I am a big fan of this actor, who became famous for his later work but already shows his talent for acting in this small part.
Although I was extremely familiar with the book, watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story. Anyone who loves the book can still enjoy this movie, and if you love the movie, go read the book too!

Joe from Buffalo, NY, USA
Rating: ★★★★★

My Japanese friend took me to the Asian Film Festival yesterday to see "Tomo and Aki." I usually avoid foreign movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time. However, this movie was so fascinating and delightful that I soon forgot I was reading the dialogue. The story describes a young woman who moves to the countryside with her husband when he tries to escape his busy life in the city. The best part of the movie is how it shows the interesting and unique life in Japan's countryside. The camera work and soundtrack also add to the experience and fit nicely with the lively atmosphere of the film. I was fascinated and entertained throughout the entire two hours.

【DThe opening scene immediately grabbed my attention with a huge frog jumping in front of Aki, the main female character, and her screaming voice echoing into the surrounding mountains.】 Actually, I was very impressed with the actress's performance as she transforms herself from a talented comedian, particularly in the scenes where she is trying to manage a vegetable garden while battling insects, rainstorms, and lots of mud.

Among the many older village people, who are usually staring at the young couple, there are some truly amusing and unique characters. My favorite was an old woman, a legend in the village, who eventually becomes a good friend of the couple. 【A In a memorable scene towards the end of the movie, the old woman teaches Aki how to cook wild mushrooms while telling strange traditional folk stories from the village.】
Overall, I really liked this movie. The story is entertaining and the acting is great, but best of all, you can really see a different side of Japanese culture in the movie. I highly recommend this film!


}}
■正解：{{monta ①×　②×　③×　④○,black}}

DBAC


His reluctance to pay rent will just add to his mother's burden.
彼が家賃の支払いを渋れば、彼の母親の負担が増す。
}}


!!!第６問
Dance is one of the oldest forms of art, and it is seen in every culture and performed for a variety of purposes.
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/2577633/advtypew/20/center13_6.html
{{b_secret
//51 と 54 を間違ってしまったのだ。むずかしい。
}}


{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2014hmon6_1.gif
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2014hmon6_2.gif


第6問
次の文章を読み，下の問い(A・B)に答えよ。なお，文章の左にある(1)～(6)は段落の番号を表している。(配点 36)

(1) Dance is one of the oldest forms of art, and it is seen in every culture and performed for a variety of purposes. In modern society, dance is widely recognized as a form of entertainment: many people enjoy dancing for fun or watching their favorite artists dance on stage or screen. It can also be a form of sport; there are dance competitions of various types. In addition to these obvious functions, however, there are other more complex roles dancers can play in a society.

(2) Sometimes dance serves to help teach social rules to young members of a community. A kind of dance called the minuet is a good example. The minuet originated in France and by the 18th century had become popular among the European elite. In Britain, debutantes, or upper-class women about to make their entrance into adult society by attending their first dance, were strictly trained for their first minuet. They usually danced it before a crowd of people who would critically observe their movements and behavior. This dance taught them how to behave like a member of high society. One writer, in fact, called the minuet one of the best schools of manners ever invented.

(3) Dance has also been used to make sure that adults follow the rules of their community. An example comes from research conducted in the mid-1900s on dances performed after hunts by the Mbuti Pygmies, an ethnic group living in parts of Central Africa. Suppose something had gone wrong in the hunt. For example, an opportunity to catch an animal was missed because someone neglected to perform their role of hitting the ground to drive the animal towards the hunters. Later, a dancer would act out the event to show the wrong action and perhaps embarrass that person. It is easy to imagine that this would discourage behavior that could ruin a future hunt.

(4) In some cultures, dance can be a way of displaying power. For instance, there is another report fro the mid-1900s describing how the Maring people of New Guinea would hold dances to show their military strength and recruit allies for possible battles. Although battles often occurred after these dances, it is also said that these dances could contribute to peaceful solutions among enemy groups. Through the dances, a group's size and strength would become obvious to potential opponents, and this could help avoid a fight.

(5) Through dance, groups can also exhibit their traditions and, thus, increase their prestige. An example of this is the world-famous Trinidad Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean island country that was once a European colony. The roots of this event can be traced to the late 1700s, when the European colonists held a carnival, dancing in elaborate costumes. People in African origin, many of whom came to the island as slaves, were mostly excluded. After slavery ended in 1838, they started to participate fully and changed the character of the carnival. In their dances, they acted out scenes from the slavery period and displayed their own traditions. Their performances were a way for them to show past injustices and to earn recognition for their customs.

(6) The roles of dance discussed here, maintaining traditions and demonstrating group strength or cultural richness, have one shared effect: they unite members of a group. Dance is not just an artistic expression but a way for groups to strengthen their shared identity. Though it may not be apparent, this effect may also apply to us. For example, there might be dances unique to our local regions that we participate in. Why do we take part in such activities and how did these dances originate? Considering the role of dance in our lives can lead to interesting discoveries about the history or values of our own society.

A 次の問い（問１～５）の(46)～(50)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の①～④のうちから１つずつ選べ。

問１　In paragraph (2), the topic of debutantes is introduced to provide an example of (46).
① how long it took young people to learn the minuet
② the kind of schools that the European elite attended
③ the role women played when dancing the minuet
④ young people learning how to act properly

問２　According to paragraph (3), the Mbuti Pygmies (47).
① disciplined careless hunters through dance
② handed down customs and traditions through dance
③ made lazy members dance after a day's hunt
④ performed culturally desirable behavior by dance

問３　Paragraph (4) suggests that dance could discourage (48) among the Maring people.
① military recruiting
② peace-making
③ physical conflict
④ power display

問４　Paragraph (5) mentions (49).
① how the Trinidad Carnival was transformed
② when the Caribbean area was first colonized
③ where the African dance tradition started
④ why the Europeans started the Trinidad Carnival

問５　The main idea of this passage is that (50).
① dance can bring us together and also help us understand society
② dance plays a significant role in educating upper-class people
③ the primary purpose of dance is entertainment and exercise
④ understanding the history of dance is important

B 次の表は、本文の段落と内容をまとめたものである。(51)～(55)に入れるものに最も適当なものを、下の①～⑤のうちから１つずつ選び、表を完成させよ。ただし、同じものを繰り返して選んではいけない。
① Dance for passing down appropriate cultural behavior
② How dance improves a group's status
③ The common function of dance and its significance
④ The demonstration of group force through dance
⑤ Using dance to point out unfavorable actions
}}


{{b_secret
{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013ch6.mp3}}
}}

{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2013chh6.mp3}}

再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。


{{layout rollout,title:■解答・解説


Ａ
問１
{{layout rollout,title:■問題
(2) Sometimes dance serves to help teach social rules to young members of a community. A kind of dance called the minuet is a good example. The minuet originated in France and by the 18th century had become popular among the European elite. In Britain, 【debutantes, or upper-class women】 about to make their entrance into adult society by attending their first dance, were strictly trained for their first minuet. They usually danced it before a crowd of people who would critically observe their movements and behavior. 【This dance taught them how to behave like a member of high society.】 One writer, in fact, called the minuet one of the best schools of manners ever invented.

問１　In paragraph (2), the topic of debutantes is introduced to provide an example of (46).
① how long it took young people to learn the minuet
② the kind of schools that the European elite attended
③ the role women played when dancing the minuet
④ young people learning how to act properly
}}
{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ①×　②×　③×　④○,black}}


■メヌエット
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%83%E3%83%88

http://kanrinin.fukuon.net/editdiary/daily/2011/october/editerdiary111029.shtml

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/dihtml/divideos.html#vc026
を見てください。　clip26　Baroque Dance: Pas de menuet de deux mouvements　です。


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJNxwTMSMh8
メヌエット６番/ソル

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1akAUIqyOFs
バラ色のメヌエット ポール・モーリア 

■
デビュタント【debutante】
初めて社交界にデビューする、年頃の女性。


■
In Britain, 
debutantes, or upper-class women 
about to make their entrance into adult society 
by attending their first dance, 
were strictly trained for their first minuet.

■
be to V　妖怪め！
be about to V
I was about to call you.
私も今電話しようと思ってたの。◆電話

}}
問２
{{layout rollout,title:■問題
(3) Dance has also been used to make sure that adults follow the rules of their community. An example comes from research conducted in the mid-1900s on dances performed after hunts by the Mbuti Pygmies, an ethnic group living in parts of Central Africa. Suppose something had gone wrong in the hunt. For example, an opportunity to catch an animal was missed because someone neglected to perform their role of hitting the ground to drive the animal towards the hunters. Later, a dancer would act out the event to show the wrong action and perhaps embarrass that person. It is easy to imagine that this would 【discourage behavior that could ruin a future hunt.】

問２　According to paragraph (3), the Mbuti Pygmies (47).
① disciplined careless hunters through dance
② handed down customs and traditions through dance
③ made lazy members dance after a day's hunt
④ performed culturally desirable behavior by dance
}}

{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ①○　②×　③×　④×,black}}

■
An example comes from research 
conducted in the mid-1900s 
on dances 
performed after hunts 
by the Mbuti Pygmies, = an ethnic group living in parts of Central Africa.

■
For example, 
an opportunity to catch an animal was missed 
because 
someone neglected to perform their role of hitting the ground 
<to drive the animal towards the hunters>.


}}


問３
{{layout rollout,title:■問題
(4) In some cultures, dance can be a way of displaying power. For instance, there is another report from the mid-1900s describing how the Maring people of New Guinea would hold dances to show their military strength and recruit allies for possible battles. Although battles often occurred after these dances, it is also said that 【these dances could contribute to peaceful solutions among enemy groups.】 Through the dances, a group's size and strength would become obvious to potential opponents, and 【this could help avoid a fight.】

問３　Paragraph (4) suggests that dance could discourage (48) among the Maring people.
① military recruiting
② peace-making
③ physical conflict
④ power display

}}

{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ①×　②×　③○　④×,black}}

■
For instance, 
there is another report from the mid-1900s 
describing how the Maring people of New Guinea would hold dances 
<to show their military strength 
　　and 
　　recruit allies for possible battles>.


■
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%AB_(%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)


}}


問４

{{layout rollout,title:■問題
(5) Through dance, groups can also exhibit their traditions and, thus, increase their prestige. An example of this is the world-famous Trinidad Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean island country that was once a European colony. The roots of this event can be traced to the late 1700s, when the European colonists held a carnival, dancing in elaborate costumes. People in African origin, many of whom came to the island as slaves, were mostly excluded. After slavery ended in 1838, they started to participate fully and 【changed the character of the carnival】. In their dances, they acted out scenes from the slavery period and displayed their own traditions. Their performances were a way for them to show past injustices and to earn recognition for their customs.

問４　Paragraph (5) mentions (49).
① how the Trinidad Carnival was transformed
② when the Caribbean area was first colonized
③ where the African dance tradition started
④ why the Europeans started the Trinidad Carnival


}}

{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ①○　②×　③×　④×,black}}

■
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Carnival

■
include ⇔ exclude

}}


問５
{{layout rollout,title:■問題
(6) The roles of dance discussed here, maintaining traditions and demonstrating group strength or cultural richness, have one shared effect: they unite members of a group. Dance is not just an artistic expression but 【a way for groups to strengthen their shared identity.】 Though it may not be apparent, this effect may also apply to us. For example, there might be dances unique to our local regions that we participate in. Why do we take part in such activities and how did these dances originate? Considering the role of dance in our lives can 【lead to interesting discoveries about the history or values of our own society.】


問５　The main idea of this passage is that (50).
① dance can bring us together and also help us understand society
② dance plays a significant role in educating upper-class people
③ the primary purpose of dance is entertainment and exercise
④ understanding the history of dance is important


}}

{{layout rollout,title:■解説
■正解: {{monta ①○　②×　③×　④×,black}}

}}


Ｂ
B 次の表は、本文の段落と内容をまとめたものである。(51)～(55)に入れるものに最も適当なものを、下の①～⑤のうちから１つずつ選び、表を完成させよ。ただし、同じものを繰り返して選んではいけない。
http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/c/pix/2013c6b.gif

① Dance for passing down appropriate cultural behavior
② How dance improves a group's status
③ The common function of dance and its significance
④ The demonstration of group force through dance
⑤ Using dance to point out unfavorable actions


{{layout rollout,title:■解答
{{b_secret
51　②
52　⑤
53　④
54　①
55　③

}}

51　①
52　●⑤
53　●④
54　②
55　●③


{{layout rollout,title:■解説


① Dance for passing down appropriate cultural behavior
{{layout rollout,title:■
(2) Sometimes dance serves to help teach social rules to young members of a community. A kind of dance called the minuet is a good example. The minuet originated in France and by the 18th century had become popular among the European elite. In Britain, debutantes, or upper-class women about to make their entrance into adult society by attending their first dance, were strictly trained for their first minuet. They usually danced it before a crowd of people who would critically observe 【their movements and behavior】. 【This dance taught them how to behave like a member of high society.】 One writer, in fact, called the minuet one of the best schools of manners ever invented.


}}


② How dance improves a group's status

{{layout rollout,title:■
(5) Through dance, groups can also exhibit their traditions and, thus, 【increase their prestige】. An example of this is the world-famous Trinidad Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean island country that was once a European colony. The roots of this event can be traced to the late 1700s, when the European colonists held a carnival, dancing in elaborate costumes. People in African origin, many of whom came to the island as slaves, were mostly excluded. After slavery ended in 1838, they started to participate fully and changed the character of the carnival. In their dances, they acted out scenes from the slavery period and displayed their own traditions. Their performances were a way for them to show past injustices and to earn recognition for their customs.

}}


③ The common function of dance and its significance
{{layout rollout,title:■
(6) The roles of dance discussed here, maintaining traditions and demonstrating group strength or cultural richness, have 【one shared effect】: they unite members of a group. Dance is not just an artistic expression but 【a way for groups to strengthen their shared identity】. Though it may not be apparent, this effect may also apply to us. For example, there might be dances unique to our local regions that we participate in. Why do we take part in such activities and how did these dances originate? Considering the role of dance in our lives can lead to interesting discoveries about the history or values of our own society.
}}


④ The demonstration of group force through dance

{{layout rollout,title:■
(4) In some cultures, dance can be a way of displaying power. For instance, there is another report from the mid-1900s describing how the Maring people of New Guinea would hold dances 【to show their military strength】 and recruit allies for possible battles. Although battles often occurred after these dances, it is also said that these dances could contribute to peaceful solutions among enemy groups. Through the dances, a group's size and strength would become obvious to potential opponents, and this could help avoid a fight.

}}


⑤ Using dance to point out unfavorable actions
{{layout rollout,title:■
(3) Dance has also been used to make sure that adults follow the rules of their community. An example comes from research conducted in the mid-1900s on dances performed after hunts by the Mbuti Pygmies, an ethnic group living in parts of Central Africa. Suppose something had gone wrong in the hunt. For example, an opportunity to catch an animal was missed because someone neglected to perform their role of hitting the ground to drive the animal towards the hunters. Later, a dancer would act out the event to 【show the wrong action】 and perhaps embarrass that person. It is easy to imagine that this would discourage behavior that could ruin a future hunt.
}}


}}


}}


■
[[センター　長文内容把握問題]]
}}


!!!リスニング　準備中
{{b_secret
{{layout rollout,title:■問題を見る。
{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2014lishtening.mp3}}

http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2014lismon1_1.gif
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{{b_secret

{{layout rollout,title:■第１問

{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2012_cnt_h_listen1_.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。


問１
{{monta ①,black}}

問２
{{monta ④,black}}

問３
{{monta ②,black}}

問４
{{monta ①,black}}

問５
{{monta ②,black}}


問６
{{monta ①,black}}

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{{layout rollout,title:■第２問

{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2012_cnt_h_listen2_.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。


問７
{{monta ①,black}}


問８
{{monta ④,black}}

問９
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問10
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問11
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問12
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問13
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{{layout rollout,title:■第３問


{{mediaplayer http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2012_cnt_h_listen3_.mp3}}
再生ボタンをクリックすれば解説が始まります。


問14
{{monta ④,black}}

問15
{{monta ④,black}}


問16
{{monta ①,black}}


問17
{{monta ⑥,black}}


問18
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問19
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{{layout rollout,title:■第４問
{{youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4-SOCyvBF0}}


問20
{{monta ④,black}}


問21
{{monta ②,black}}


問22
{{monta ①,black}}


問23
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問24
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問25
{{monta ④,black}}


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!!!解答
{{layout rollout,title:解答

http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/2014kotaeeigo.gif

http://morimine.sakura.ne.jp/igwhefw/listeningkotae.gif
}}


}}


!!!参考
{{include いんくるーど,センター参考}}

//http://batmitzvah.blog136.fc2.com/blog-category-36.html
//かなり詳しく解説があります。

2014 大学入試センター試験英語解説速報！どこよりも早い全問解説！
http://stayinformed2.wordpress.com/2014/01/19/2014-%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E8%A9%A6%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E8%A9%A6%E9%A8%93%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%81%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A/


河合塾の動画による解説
http://kaisoku.kawai-juku.ac.jp/nyushi/center/13/lecture.html


{{a 2013 大学入試センター試験英語解説速報！どこよりも早い全問解説！|http://stayinformed2.wordpress.com/2013/01/20/2013-%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E8%A9%A6%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E8%A9%A6%E9%A8%93%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%81%E3%81%A9%E3%81%93%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A/,target=_blank}}　

{{b_secret

{{layout rollout,title:■

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2013/01/20

2013 大学入試センター試験英語解説速報！どこよりも早い全問解説！
3件のコメント


受験生のみなさん、センター試験お疲れ様です！
 センター英語の解説をつくったので参考にしてください。
 せっかく時間を使って解いた問題ですから、間違えたところの解説だけでも読んでおくと、きっと二次試験の力になります。
 
長文問題等は問題文を記載していないので、問題を手元に用意してご覧ください。
 問題は東進など各予備校のサイトにも掲載されています。
 
平年に対する難易度については正直あまりよくわかりませんが、おそらく平年並です。分量がちょっと多めなような気もします。
 実力のある人は十分200点も狙える問題だと思いますが、数問判断しにくい問題も見られたので、通常の受験生はそれ以外の問題を出来る限り多く着実にとっていく必要があったでしょう。
 
なお、解説はほとんど1人で作成してるので、もしかしたら間違ったこと書いてあるかもしれません。何かあればTwitter:@mallee_か、下のコメント欄で教えてください。
 手伝って下さった方、間違いを指摘してくださった方、どうもありがとうございます。
 

東大以外のも置いてますよー。
 
第1問
 A
 問1(1)
 1 generate [ &#676;e'n&#601;re`it ] ～を生み出す
 2 genius [ &#676;i'&#720;nj&#601;s ] 天才
 3 medium [ mi'&#720;di&#601;m ] 中間
 4 meter [ mi'&#720;t&#601;r ] メートル
 
問2(2)
 1 basic [ be'isik ] 基本の
 2 insurance [ in&#643;u'&#601;r&#601;ns ]保険 
3 serious [ si'&#601;ri&#601;s ] 真剣な
 4 symbol [ si'mbl ] 象徴
 
問3(3)
 1 castle [ k&aelig;'sl ] 城(このtは黙字です。)
 2 subtle [ s&#652;'tl ] 微妙な
 3 title [ ta'itl ] タイトル
 4 turtle [ t&#601;'&#720;rtl ] 亀
 
B
 問1(4)
 1.degre’e 2.i’nsect 3.perce’nt 4.succe’ss
 問2(5)
 1.e’nergy 2.esse’ntial 3. pho’tograph 4.re’lative
 問3(6)
 1.conti’nue 2.dyna’mic 3.enco’urage 4.ha’mburger
 問4(7)
 1.a’ccurately 2.a’rchitecture 3.histo’rical 4.o’perator
 
第2問
 A
 問1. I understand (8) of our students are working part-time in the evening to pay their school expenses.
 1.almost
 almostは副詞なので、名詞のstudentsを修飾できません。
 2.any
 形容詞のanyは、ofの向こうのstudentsを修飾することはできません。
 代名詞のanyを入れてしまうと、生徒たち1人残らず全員が夕方からアルバイトをして学費を払っていることになり不自然な一文になってしまいます。
 3.anyone
 anyone,someone,everyone…などは三人称単数なので、areじゃなくてisじゃないとだめです。
 4.most
 名詞のmostが正解です。
 
問2. Of the seven people here now, one is from China, three are from the US, and the (9) from France.
 1.other
 2.others
 3.the other
 4.the others
 
典型問題！
 7人居て、1人は中国出身、3人はアメリカ出身なので、残りの3人がフランス出身です。
 3人いるので単数の選択肢は切り捨て。
 “others”と”the others”の違いですが、”the others”のほうは「残りの人たち全員」なのに対して”others”は「残りの人たちの（全員ではないけど）複数」という意味です。
 同じように、”the other”は残りの1人を指しますが、”other”は「残り何人いるか分からないけどその中の1人」という意味になります。
 この”other”は無冠詞のままにするわけにはいかず、anをつけないとダメな上に、”an other”と言いたいときには普通”another”を使います。
 
問3.
 My brother (10) have been very popular when he was a high school student. He still gets lots of New Year’s cards from his former classmates.
 1.must
 must have been = 「～だったに違いない」で、意味が通じるので正解
 2.ought to
 「～のはずだった」、「～であるべきだった」は不適
 3.should
 「～のはずだった」、「～であるべきだった」は不適
 4.would
 wouldが入る理由なし
 
問4.
 Eric’s friends, Minoru and Sachiko, will be here at seven this evening. He (11) doing his homework by then.
 1.has been finished
 2.has finished
 3.will have finished
 4.would finished
 7時までに宿題を終わらせるだろうという未来の話なので、現在完了になってる1，2は不適。
 3が未来完了の文ということで正解ですが、私は4を選んでしまいました(^_^;)
 4ですが、仮定法の条件節の省略のように思えたので、「（他の誰かではなく）彼ならそのときまでに宿題をやり終えるだろう」ということで、would finishはアリかなと思いました。
 でもどうやら彼が実際に宿題を行うことになってるので、仮定でもなんでもないためwouldは不可ってことらしいです。
 ※他に意見があれば教えてください。
 
問5.
 Our family doctor suggested that our son (12) a complete medical checkup every year.
 1.get
 2.getting
 3.is getting
 4.to get
 相手に何かすることを要求するような文脈で使われる、suggest,demand,propose,proposeなどといった動詞の直後のthat節の動詞は原形だと決まってます。
 これを知ってるか問うだけの問題です。
 3のisは原形が”be”なので注意。
 
問6.
 Japan (13) of four large islands and many small islands.
 1.consists
 2.contains
 3.forms
 4.organizes
 このなかでofとものすごく相性がいいのはconsistです。
 consist of = be composed of = be made up of = 「～を構成している」は超重要イディオム！
 
問7.
 Did you have a chance to meet your grandfather (14) the winter vacation?
 1.during
 「～の間」なので正解。
 2.inside
 「（期間）の中」という意味で使うことはありません。
 3.on
 「（期間）の上（間）」という意味で使うことはありません。
 4.while
 whileは「～の間」という意味ですが、接続詞なので、後ろには主語や動詞が必要です。
 
この問題は選択肢に”for”=「～の間」が出てくることが多いのですが、出て来なかったので易しめです。
 duringとforの違いは、
 for:”for three days”, “for five weeks”などのように後ろに数字がきます
 during:”during the summer vacation”, “during the war”, “during my stay”などのように数字はきません。
 
問8.
 I don’t enjoy going to Tokyo. It’s hard for me to put (15) all the crowds.
 1.away
 put away = ～を片付ける
 2.on
 put on = ～を着る
 3.up to
 put up toという熟語はありません。
 4.up with
 put up with = ～を我慢する（= stand）
 超頻出問題です。
 
問9.
 When my younger brother and I were children, my mother often asked me to keep (16) him so he wouldn’t get lost.
 1.an eye on
 keep an eye on = 「～をじっと見ておく」「～から目を離さない」なので文脈的にこちらが正解。
 2.away from
 keep away from = 「～に近づかない」「～から距離をとっている」
 3.back from
 keep back fromという熟語はありません。
 4.in time with
 keep in time withという熟語もありません。
 
問10.
 I was offered a good position with a generous salary, but I decided to turn it (17) because I wanted to stay near my family.
 1.around
 turn around = 「回る」「～を回す」
 2.down
 turn down = 「～を断る、拒否する」重要イディオムです！
 3.out
 turn out = 「（結局）～だと分かる」
 4.over
 turn over = 「転がる、ひっくり返る」
 
B
 問1(18)
 昨日も来たのに先生がいなかったから提出できなかったと主張する生徒と先生の話。
 
hand in:～を提出する
 assignment:課題
 deadline:締め切り
 due:（形）約束の期限が来て
 
1.You don’t have any homework today.
 本文では昨日提出の課題の話をしているので、不適
 2.You knew the paper was due by noon.
 正解。昨日の正午までに提出しなければならなかったところを、Bradが最初に先生を探しに来たのは昨日15時だったので提出に間に合っておらず、何度提出しに来てもMr.Taniは受け取らないということです。
 3.You were supposed to hand it in by today.
 本文中でMr.Taniは”So you still missed the deadline”と言ってるので、今日までに提出することになっているというのは矛盾している。
 4.Your assignment wasn’t important.
 先生が受け取ってくれないのは、締め切りを過ぎたからです。
 
問2(19)
 なかなか運動したがらないDavidの話。
 
excercising = 運動
 go for a walk = 散歩に行く
 excuse = 言い訳
 
1.Actually, I don’t usually walk in the spring.
 Davidは冬中（all winter）あまり運動していなかったため運動を再開する必要があると言っています。たぶん今の季節は春でしょう。この選択肢にしてしまうと、ついさっきDavidが自分で言ったことと矛盾してしまいます。
 2.But when it’s cold and snowy, I get lazy.
 1のように、「運動しない」とは言い切ってませんが、あまりやりたくなさそうです。そこでRuthが、もう暖かいのだから言い訳するなと言い返し、意味が通じるので正解です。
 3.Exercising in the winter keeps me warm.
 本文中では、Ruthが言い訳するなと言ってるので、その文とあまり綺麗につながりません。
 4.In fact, I really like walking in the snow.
 なら、Davidは冬の間中も歩いてたはずです。
 
問3(20)
 高いブランド品を買うくらいならお金を溜めて旅行にいったほうがましだという話です。
 
1.Brand-name goods aren’t that expensive.
 2.However, it’s important to have brand-name things.
 3.I don’t think brand-name goods are worth the money.
 4.I think brand-name things are very fashionable. 

空欄直後でHirokoはTomの意見に賛同しています。しかしその後で、高くないバッグを買ってお金を貯めたほうがいいと言っているので、空欄には、ブランド品に賛同するような内容はきません。よって1,2,4の選択肢が消えます。残った3のみ、話の筋が通ります。
 
C
 問1(21)(22)
 My friend, who can play basketball very well, practices (as / as often / do / I / three times).
 
three times as often as I do.
 
as～as… = 「…と同じくらい～だ」という文法事項があります。
 それの1つめのasの前にtwice（2倍）, three times(3倍), four times(4倍)…という語句を持ってくることで、「…の○倍～だ」という表現にできます。
 
問2(23)(24)
 Mary : What are some of the reasons for your successful carrer?
 Toshio: Mainly, I (am / I / owe / to / what) my uncle. He was the one who would always help me when I was in trouble.
 
I owe what I am to my uncle.
 
what I am = 「現在の私」という重要名詞句。
 
動詞”owe”はちょっと覚えにくいというか頭に入りにくい動詞なので、自信のない人は
 I owe my success to you. = 「私の成功はあなたのおかげだ」
 という文を丸暗記してしまうことをオススメします。
 この例文をいろいろいじると、もうoweの問題はバッチリです！長文読解中に出てきても、この例文を思い出すと意味がつかみやすいです。
 この問題の場合は”my success”が”what I am”、”you”が”my uncle”になってるだけですね。
 
問3(25)(26)
 Kevin: What’s the legal driving age in your country?
 Mie: In Japan, when people become eighteen, they (are / enough / get/ old / to) a driver’s license.
 
they are old enough to get a driver’s license.
 
（形容詞・副詞）enough to do = ～するのに十分（形容詞・副詞）
 重要な文法事項です。enough old とはならないので注意。
 
第3問
 難単語推測の問題では、大学受験レベルを超えた難単語に下線が引かれます。
 分からないのが当然なので、知らなくても全然焦ることはありません。
 
A
 問1(27)
 Bobがビーチの掃除を手伝ってくれる予定だったけど、Bonは主導権を握りたがる上に人のアドバイスも聞かないから、来ないように頼んだという話。
 “to call the shots”の意味を推測する問題。
 
手伝ってくれるというBobに対して、Lukeがわざわざ来ないように頼んだわけですから訳ありです。
 選択肢は一見どれも、「Bobを避ける理由」にはなりにくそうなのでちょっと悩む問題じゃないかなと思います。
 3のhave controlについて、Bonがリーダーシップを発揮してくれる頼もしい存在のように聞こえますが、下線部以降によると、他の人がBobとは違う考えを提案したときにいつもBobは機嫌を悪くする、とあるのでこのhave controlはBobのあまり良くない点のようです。
 その他の選択肢は全て下線部以降とつながらないので不適です。
 
ちなみにcall the shotsですがshots（発射！）とcall（叫ぶ、言う）するということで、戦場などで「放て！」と指揮をとるという意味から、支配するという意味の熟語になります。なので熟語を知らなくても、これが推測できれば後は選択肢だけ見れば解けてしまいます！
 
問2(28)
 高校時代の体育教師ほど素晴らしい体育教師に出会ったことがない、という体育教師べた褒めの話
 PE = Physical Education = 体育
 
本文がしっかり読めれば確実に点がとれると思います。
 「1.体育会系の教師」「3.実践的な類の教師」「4.厳格なタイプの教師」などのように1種類の性格を強調して述べているというよりも、総合的に見て素晴らしい教師だと述べているので、「2.体育教師の鏡」が正解になります。
 
B
 図書館駐車場横の空き地の利用法について議論。選択肢の直前の段落をうまくまとめた内容が正解になります。基本的には話し言葉なので読みやすく、スピードを出したいところです。
 今年はいつもより分量が少ないような気がします。
 
(29)
 dozen = 12
 日本語でいう「ダース」です。
 lawn = 芝生
 grass = 草
 miniature = ミニチュア
 
1.いきなりイベントの話が出てくるのは不自然なので不適
 2.直接「快適で穏やかな雰囲気が出る」とは述べられていませんが、Jackの言っていることを常識的に汲み取れば、こういう雰囲気が出ると言っても良さそうです。
 3.図書館が「新しい」という情報はどこにもありません。文中に登場する図書館についても図書館の建物のデザインについては述べられていないので、Jackの構想する公園に合うかどうかは判断できません。
 4.既に駐車所があるので、その隣の空き地にさらに駐車場を増設しようとかそういう話では全くありません。
 
(30)
 議論開始直後にJackが提案した内容はお金がかかるということであっさり却下されてしまいます＼(^o^)／
 Anneは、砂漠様式の石造りの庭であればあんまりコストもかからないと言っています。
 
1.Jackの案よりも経済的で良いと述べており、正解
 2.「芝生付きの公園は近隣住民(residents)の雇用を創出する」と、もっともらしい意見ですがAnneはJackの案に賛同したわけではなく、Jackの案に文句をつけた上で自分のアイデアを出しています。
 3.Anneの家には「プロっぽい庭」が出来たのではなく、プロが作った庭ができたのです。
 4.この町にお金があるとはAnneも誰も言っていません。
 
(31)
 Anneの家の庭をつくったプロ、Carolが登場します。
 cactus = サボテン (分からなくても大丈夫)
 
1.CarolもAnneも石造りの庭を絶賛しています
 2.町の雰囲気に合うとは誰も言っていません。
 3.サボテンや川の石など、具体的に使用できそうな素材についてCarolは説明しています。
 4.小石を持って来れば清涼感が出るし、砂漠の植物は美しい上に陰が出来て涼しくなるともCarolは言っているので、これが正解。
 
C
 アメリカの面積が広いので、国内で時差があり、4つのタイムゾーンがある上に、場所によってはサマータイムまで導入されてたりされてなかったりとややこしい話です。
 本文中には主に
 ・Eastern Time Zone
 ・Central Time Zone
 ・DST（サマータイム）
 の3つが登場します。
 
(32)
 第2段落ではインディアナ州での状況について述べられています。
 がしかし、この状況を細かく具体的に把握する必要もなく、「なんかややこしいことになっている…！」ということだけつかめれば問題は解けます。
 第2段落を最後まで読んだあたりで解答してしまうのが良いでしょう。
 
1.これが正解
 2.新しいビジネスを誘致したとはどこにも書いてません。
 3.フレックスタイム制についての説明でもありません。
 4.他の州のお手本となるような時間のシステムかというと、その逆です。インディアナ州の時間はややこしい！という話です。
 
(33)
 これも第3段落の要旨が入りそうなので、第3段落を読み終えたあたりで解いてください。
 1.政府と企業が何らかのコミュニケーションをとっているという記述は見当たりません。
 2.インディアナ州の外の州と連絡をとるのが大変だと述べられているのでこれが正解。
 3.第3段落中には”the participants who missed the conferece did not know in which time zone the company was located”とあり、矛盾。
 4.3と同様に、あまり他の州とうまいことビジネスができているとは思えません。
 
(34)
 第4段落では、インディアナ州にはCentral Time Zoneの方が便利な人も居れば、Eastern Time Zoneの方が便利だという人も居るので、この問題は解決しがたいと述べられています。
 第5段落では、サマータイムに関しては2006年にインディアナ州全てで採用されるようになったので、混乱が落ち着いたとあります。しかし最後の文では「問題はこれからも続くだろう」ということが書いてあり、両者の間の空欄34にあてまはまるのは何か考えると、
 1.もしそうだとしたら問題は解決するはずです。意見が割れているのだということが第4段落に書かれています。
 2.これが第4段落の内容と合致するので正解。
 3.そんなことは書いてません。
 4.空欄の直後の一文と矛盾。
 
第4問
 A
 この形式の問題も毎年出題されていますが、何も分からないまま本文を読むより先に図に目を通すことをオススメします。
 基本的に図を中心とした問題なので、図が理解できれば本文の読解もすらすら進みます。
 
問1(35)
 表の空欄を埋める問題。
 第2段落の最後の方に、”As Table 1 shows”「表1が示すように」とあります。
 その直後に、セネガルとガーナは10000人あたりの医者の数も看護師の数も大変少ないと書いてあり、表の1番上を見ると既にセネガルは埋まっていますが、ガーナはありません。空欄(A)(B)(C)の行を比べると、(A)だけ特に医者と看護師の数が少ないので、(A)がガーナです。
 3段落の冒頭では「ロシアとキューバではより豊かな国よりも医療従事者の割合が大きい」と書かれています。2段落では”numbers of doctors and nurses per 10,000 people”と表されていたがここでは”proportions of medical professionals”と、同じことについて異なる表現を用いているので注意が必要です。（proportion = 「（10000人あたりの）比」）
 次に第4段落によると、「アメリカ・スウェーデン・フランス」と「ロシア・キューバ」を対比しています。前者の方が後者よりも一人あたりの支出額と対GDP比がどちらも多いと述べられています。
 以上より(B)がアメリカで(C)がロシアです。
 ソマリアは第5段落で登場しますが、表の話ではないので、見当違いです。
 
よって正解は2.(A)Ghana (B)the USA (C)Russia
 
問2(36)
 問題文に”which two aspects”とありますが、もちろん選択肢から2つ選べという意味ではありません(^_^;)
 4つのどの選択肢にも、それぞれに2つの側面が述べられている（andで結ばれている）という意味です。
 なので1つ目と2つ目の側面を分けて、それぞれ本文中にあるのかどうかを考えましょう。
 2段落の最初に”One of the key factors ～”、4段落目の冒頭には”Another inportant factor”とあり、この2つのことを言っているのだと気づいて欲しいです。
 
です。
 1.”sustainable training system”は4段落目で、「推奨されている支援の例」として挙げられているだけです。頭の中に残っている記述に惑わされないように気をつける必要があります。
 2.1と同様。第4段落によると、お金が寄付されたのは過去の話です。
 3.「医療従事者の数と医療支出」がこの2つの段落で述べられています。
 4.第4段落によると、お金が寄付されたのは過去の話です。
 
問3(37)
 正しくない文を選ぶ定番の問題。
 1.第2段落3行目より、「医療従事者が世界全体で430万人足りない」は正しいです。
 2.「Swedenの医師と看護師の割合は日本より高い」は正しい。表を見れば分かるので落ち着いて読み取りましょう。
 3.第5段落の6行目「持続可能な（医療従事者の）育成システム」、9行目「医療知識を含んだ支援」が提案・期待されているとあるため、正しいです。
 4.「WHOは貧しい国に医師や看護師を送ることを提案している」はどこにも書かれておらず、間違いです。
 
B
 くんずほぐれつな感じのちょいエロな雰囲気の挿絵に、電話番号は555-456-0721。狙ってるとしか思えません！
 

Twitterでも話題になりました
 【画像】センター英語がエロ路線全開・・・555-456-0721！卑猥！【2013年】 &#8211; NAVER まとめ
 
問1(38)
 1.そんなことは書かれていません。Our servicesの3つ目、「撮影は1時間かかる」に惑わされないように注意。
 2.Frameの色については言及されていません。Our servicesの2つ目、「写真の色が3種類ある」という記述に惑わされないように注意。
 3.配達してくれるとはどこにも書いていません。”ready for pickup”は配達のことではありません。
 4.Our servicesの1つめに書かれていますが、表現は変わっています。そのままの表現を探していては見つからないので注意。
 
問2(39)
 チラシから値段を求める問題。
 ここではメンバー会員でない人が”Fantastic Package Plan”で写真を買うと、普通に個別に注文するのとではいくらお得かが聞かれています。
 Special Offersの1項目で、”Fantastic Package Plan”には「Largeが1つ、Mediumが2つ、Wallet-sizeが8つ、Multi-image sheetが2つ、Large Single-image sheet用のFrameが1つ」が含まれるとあります。これと同じモノを普通に注文した場合の計算をします。
 Large:$40×1　Medium:$20×2　Wallet-size:$5×8　Multi-image sheet:$50×2　Frame:$20×1
 であり、全部で＄240となります。いろいろ出てくるので、落ち着いてしっかり全て漏れなく計算するようにしましょう。
 これで＄40得になると分かり、3が正解。
 
問3(40)
 1.ポスター中段の”Basic Portrait Types”には”Any combination of 2 to 5 photos”とあり、5枚の写真を含めることができます。よって正解。
 2.ポスター下段の”Special Offers”の”Fantastic Club Menbership”の項目の最後に”for 2 years”とある通り、実際は2年で$40かかるので間違い。
 3.ポスター下段の”Special Offers”の”Anniversary Special”の項目では、”Receive a free gift”と書かれており、discount（値引き）はされません。
 4.会員になれば割引は得られますが、Free giftが貰えるとは書いていません。”Anniversary special”の項目にも、Free giftのプレゼントが会員限定だとは書かれていません。
 
第5問
 一般的な話題についての長文であれば、誰にでもある程度の前提知識があるため読みやすいのですが、架空の映画作品についてのレビューを読まされるということで、何も知らないところからストーリーを把握していかないといけないため、読みにくいのではないでしょうか。
 
都会の女性が夫と田舎に来て、始めは都会的な格好をしているけど、徐々に田舎っぽくなっていくという内容の映画についてのレビューです。
 
問1(41)
 Satokoのレビューの第2段落の最後の記述について聞いています。
 1.この映画はYukio Kodamaさんについて話ではありません。
 2.第2段落のはじめに、「映画の中での村はリアルである一方で、Kodamaさんの原書を読んだときに感じたようにまるでその村にいるかのような気持ちには,決してならなかった。」とあります。
 3.第2段落の最後”watching the movie increased my appreciation of the original story”より、正解。
 4.Satokoは原作も映画も絶賛しています。
 
問2(42)
 Joeのレビューの2行目”I usually avoid foreign language movies as I find it difficult to read the subtitles and pay attention to the scenes at the same time”とあるので、正解は4。subtitle = 「字幕」は難しかったかもしれません。
 1.貴重な文化的経験をする作品ではありますが、映画を見る前にJoeが予想していたことだとは書いていません。
 2.そんなこともJoeは予想していません。
 3.Satokoは原作のことを有名だと言っていますが、Joeは友だちに教えてもらっただけで、有名だと思っていたという記述はどこにもありません。
 4.正解。
 
問3(43)
 それぞれ2人が何を述べているのか述べていないのかということを、読めたか、または探し出せたかという問題です。
 1.男優について、Satokoは”too confident and handsome”とあまり良い印象ではなく（tooは否定的なニュアンスの単語なので、褒めてるようであまり良いコメントではないです）、Joeは触れてもいません。
 2.女優について、Satokoは第2段落の4行目から、JoeはJoeのレビューの第2段落の3行目から称賛しています。よって正解。
 3.カメラワークを褒めているのはJoeだけです。
 4.原書について絶賛してるのは、Satokoだけです。
 
問4(44)
 1.田舎での新しい生活に適応してくのがこの映画の主題のようです。正解。
 2.舞台の田舎の歴史についてが中心ではありません。レビューでも全く述べられていません。
 3.womanがwomenと複数形になっています。「現代社会での女性の役割の変化」なので、全然違う話になってしまいそうです。
 4.Joeのレビューの後半に田舎の文化についてこの女性が経験していったことが書かれており、この選択肢と迷った人も多いと思います。しっかり読めていれば、あくまでもメインテーマは1人の女性が「都会的な女性→田舎的な女性」と変化したことであることがつかめるでしょう。
 
問5(45)
 Joeのレビューの第2段落1行目より、Akiの前で蛙が跳ねたのはオープニングのシーン。
 Satokoのレビューの第2段落6行目より、ハイヒールや濃い化粧で都会っぽさを出していたのは物語前半。
 Joeのレビューの第3段落後半より、おばあさんにマッシュルームの調理方法を教えてもらったのは、物語の終盤。
 Satokoのレビューの第2段落8行目より、Akiが双子を産んだのは物語の結末。
 以上より、正解は
 4.(D)→(B)→(A)→(C)
 
第6問
 ダンスにもいろいろな役割があるんだよーという内容の長文問題。
 
各設問には丁寧なことに、どの段落を見ればいいかが書いてあります。
 A
 問1(46)
 第2段落ではdebutanteという見慣れない単語が出てきますが、しっかり説明付きなので問題有りません。
 第2段落を要約すると、メヌエットというフランスのダンスに向けて、イギリスではdebutanteがダンスを練習する過程でマナーや社会での振るまいといったものを身につける、ということです。
 
1.どれくらい長い時間がかかるのかということが主題ではありません。
 2.本文にも「マナーの学校」という表現があるのでこの選択肢は間違えて選びやすいです。選択肢中にはあくまでもschoolsとあるだけで、「mannerを学ぶ学校のような場所」という比喩表現になっておらず、文字通り「学校」のことを指しているように読み取れるので誤答なんだと思います。
 3.メヌエットでの「役」の話は一切ありません。
 4.これが2よりも的を射ているので、正解。
 
この問題で2と4で迷うので、2を選んで間違えるのは仕方ないかもしれません。
 
問2(47)
 第3段落は、ある部族が狩りをするときに、誰かが足手まといになってしまったという状況において、狩りが終わった後に、その人が失敗した時の様子を別のダンサーが再度ダンスで演じることで、失敗した者を戒め、今後の失敗を防ごうという話です。
 
1.discipline = 「しつける」という意味の動詞なので、これが正解です。
 2.ダンスを通じて慣習や伝統を受け継いでるわけではありません。
 3.失敗した人が踊るのではなくて、別の人が踊ります。第3段落7行目に”a dancer”とあります。失敗した人が踊るのならこういう表現にはなりません。
 4.慣習的に望ましいふるまいをダンスで見せたのではありません。
 
問3(48)
 第4段落は、ダンスで戦力の大きさを示す人々の話です。ダンスで戦力の大きさや強さが予想できるので、勝てそうにないところは戦わない→争いが減ると言っています。
 1.第4段落3行目より、軍事的に人を増やすことはencourageしています。
 2.第4段落5行目より、平和を生み出すことをencourageしています。
 3.第4段落7行目より、物理的な衝突をdiscourageしているので、これが正解です。
 4.第4段落3行目より、力を示すことをencourageしています。
 
問4(49)
 昔の植民地時代はヨーロッパ人が主に踊り、奴隷として連れて来られたアフリカ系の人が参加できない祭りであったのが、奴隷制が終わるとともに参加できるようになり、アフリカ系の人々が祭りの様子を変えていった。結果的に、祭りを通じて過去の悪しき制度、文化を示し、自分たちの慣習が受け入れられているという話。
 
prestige = 「名声」は今回のセンター試験の中ではレベルの高い単語ですが、二次試験レベルの単語です。
 
1.いかにしてこの祭りが変わっていったかという話なので、正解。
 2.いつ植民地化されたのかについてははっきりと書かれていません。
 3.そんなことは書かれていません。
 4.この祭りを始めた理由については書いてありません。
 
問5(50)
 第6段落はまとめの段落です。様々なダンスの形には、単に踊るだけではなく「集団をまとめあげる」という共通の役割があると結論付けています。そして、読者の住む社会にもそのようなダンスがあるのではないかと締めくくっています。
 1.これが最も適切。
 2.これは第2段落の話で、全体の話ではありません。
 3.筆者はそうは言っていません。
 4.第6段落の最後でhistoryという単語が出てきますが、社会の歴史であって、ダンスの歴史ではありません。ダンスの歴史を理解することは主題ではありません。
 
B
 毎年お決まりの正誤問題や意味段落分けの問題よりはだいぶ易しいと思います。
 最後の問題ですが、簡単な問題です。
 
段落の要旨というのは大体その段落の一文目と最後の文に表れることが多いので、そこを意識して読むだけで答えに近づけます。
 
(51)1
 (52)5
 (53)4
 (54)2…ここでいうstatusは、第5段落2行目のprestigeのことです。
 (55)3

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投稿者: Leafeon | カテゴリー: Uncategorized、大学入試問題、大学受験
 
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 「2013 大学入試センター試験英語解説速報！どこよりも早い全問解説！」への1件のフィードバック 

たか。 

2013/01/2022:49 


本当に助かります^^ありがとうございます
 
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ぽてと 

2013/01/2302:33 


41の設問の2についての解説ですが
 While the small village in the movie is realistic, I never quite felt like I was there as I did when reading Kodama’s work.
 の訳は、「Kodamaさんによる原書を読んだ時には舞台の田舎に実際にいるかのような気持ちにはならなかったが、映画の中の村はとてもリアルだった」
 ではなくて
 『映画の中の村はリアルだったが、Kodamaさんの原書を読んだ時ほど実際の舞台にいるような気持ちにはならなかった。』だと思ったのですがどうでしょうか？
 
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Leafeon 

2013/01/2303:00 


>ぽてとさん
 あ、確かにおかしいですね！
 「映画の中での村はリアルである一方で、Kodamaさんの原書を読んだときに感じたようなまるでその村にいるかのような気持ちには,
 決してならなかった。」に修正しました。
 ご指摘ありがとうございました。
 
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