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▼norioさん：
>“Shall I stay here?”
>“I'd rather ( ) with us.” [青山学院大] 正解4
> 1. you to come 2. you came 3. you would come 4. you come
> would rather S + 仮定法過去は初めてみました。なぜそうなるか教えてください。
確認ですが正解は2のyou came(仮定法過去)ではなく、4のyou come(仮定法現在）になっているということですよね？
多くの参考書や辞書ではwould rather＋(原形不定詞)又はwould rather＋節(S + 仮定法過去の動詞)と説明がしてありますが、仮定法過去のところが"仮定法現在"に成る(特別な?)用法があるとのことです。
以下はかなり以前ですがTOEFL(留学資格試験)で出題された類似問題について、英語向けQ&Aコラムで見つけた解答です。
English-Q
[Your question:]
2. Most insurance agents would rather you not do anything about collecting calins claims until they investigate the situation."
--- Why does are the words of "not do" used instead of "not to do" or "don't do"?
[My response:]
Not do is used because the main verb (would rather) is followed by a clause ([ that ] you . . . . .).
When certain verbs (for example, require, demand, suggest, prefer, and would rather) are followed by a clause, the verb in the clause is in simple form:
They require that he be there for six hours a day.
Mrs. Jones suggested that Jane see a doctor.
The negative of the simple form is not + simple verb:
They require that he not be there for less than six hours a day.
Mrs. Jones suggested that Jane not continue working until she has seen a doctor.
The special grammar that is used when certain verbs are followed by a clause is called the subjunctive. It isn't used very much in modern English, but you will sometimes see it, as you did in the sentence that you asked about.
In this example, note that two different uses for subjunctive are given. The use that you should look at carefully is the one in which the subjunctive is used in a "that" clause.
would ratherはhad better(had best)/had rather/canot but(can't help but)などと同様に後に原形不定詞を従うのが一般的ですが、なぜ原形不定詞なのかについては、これらは一種の助動詞のようなもので、慣用的に原形動詞を従えていると理解するしかないんでしょう。
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