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次の英文の下線部(1),(2)(3)を和訳せよ。
The Scientific Revolution is the term traditionally used to describe the great intellectual triumphs of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European astronomy and physical science. By around 1700 educated men conceived of the universe as a mechanical structure like a clock, and the earth was regarded as a planet moving round the sun. The intellectual transformation associated with the Scientific Revolution led to a new confidence in the value of of the investigation of nature and its control, a development which is fundamental to an understanding of the importance of science in moderns society.
The seventeenth century was also characterized by a new optimism about the potential for human advancement through technolocial improvement and an understanding of the natural world. (1)Hopes were expressed that the understanding and control of nature would improve techniques in industry and agriculture. There was, however, a large gap between intention and achievement in the application of scientific knowledge. While claims for the practical usefulness of natural knowledge and its future significance for technological improvement were common, the cultivation of science had little effect on the realationship between man and his environment. Nevertheless, the cultural values associated with the pursuit of natural knowledge were a significant characteristic of seventeenth-century society. Sicence expressed the values of technological progress, intellectural understanding and the celebration of God's wisdom in creating the world. ()The hostile and mysterious enbvironment of the natural world would, people believed, yield its secrets to human investigation. The belief in the human capacity to dominate nature was justified by the argument that the study of God's book of nature went hand in hand with the study of the Bible, the book of God's word.
These important shifts in cultural outlook dramatically transformed the conception of the university and of man's place in nature. (3)The belief that the universe is a machine and that it might contain other worlds like the earth threatened traditional assumptions about the uniqueness of man, leading to a dnial of the doctrine that the universe had been created for the benefit of man.
――東京大学 前期日程 （２月26日実施）――2005年
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- 06/6/17(土) -
