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次の文章を読み、下線部(1)および(2)を日本語に訳しなさい。
(1)Today, the attitudes of the early modern period, which viewed natural scenery as unattractive and in need of development, seem distant indeed. Tourists now travel the world seeking out just such natural scenery, while environmentalists campaign against industrial and commercial developments that threaten to "cultivate" the natural landscape. (2)"Civilization" seems now to be measured by its ability to avoid damaging the natural environment rather than by its capacity for intervening and shaping it to humand ends.
――津田塾大学 英文学科(2月6日実施)――2005年
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