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次の栄文中の日本語で書かれた部分(1)〜(3)を英語に直しなさい。
Amae is a Japanese psychological concept which has been made famous around the world by Takeo Doi in his book, The Anatomy of Dependence.(1)しかしながら、彼は甘えが日本に特有なものではなく、むしろ誰もがそれを必要としているのだと主張している。
The existene of amae is universal, but it is of course stressed differently in various cultural environments. Americans make efforts to reduce the depndency of a child, and (2)２歳の男の子の母親が、「もう大きくなったんだから、自分でしなさい」と言っているのを聞くのは珍しいことではない。This is to shame him into independence behavior. A Japanese mother would not want that for a young child; she would want more dependence rather than less, and she would not work at al to reduce his need for her at age two. An American mother looks at the newborn as a dependent baby whom she must train to separate from her; (3)日本の母親は、自分と赤ん坊との間にギャップを見出し、赤ん坊に甘えを持たせてそれを埋めようとする。
When amae is translated as "passive love," it may sound negative and self-indulgent: a person gets but does not give in a relationship. But amae means an active, even generous search for care.
――熊本大学 前期日程（２月25日実施）――2003年
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