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次のAとBの英文を読んで、下線部(1)〜(6)を和訳しなさい。
A. When I see a remote Japanese farming village in the mountains, I am struck by how the central cluster of houses surrounded by the community's fields is like the hub of a wheel. (1)The lack of that land in Japan has meant that living areas were reduced to a minimum and centered between the fields in order to allow enough land for farming. Even in rural districts Japanese people are used to sharing close quarters and small living spaces. Each member of the family has to live next to others in the family, their house has to be next to other houses, and even their fields are hemmed in by the surrounding mountains.
In the United States space has never been a problem. American history has considered of the development of vast areas of wilderness. In the early days there awas always enough land to go around. (2)Land holdings often consisted of hundreds of acres and towns were able to spread themselves out with broad avenues and comfortable parks. If one were to take a drive into the American countryside one would find that rural communities are designed to accommodate large spaces with houses far apart from each other. (3)Instead of having all houses centrally located American farm houses are in the middle of their fields, this allowing room for large houses and a great deal of distance from their neighbors.
[注] hub: the central part of a wheel, etc. hemmed in: enclosed
B. Because we have to learn most of what we know about what happens in the real world from news and documentary reporting, the mass media have a great influence on our understanding of the world around us. (4)It is therefore important for us to consider what roles we believe these organizations should play in our societies, and whether they actually perform them well.
Journalists can function in three different ways. (5)Firstly, they can act as 'servants of the state' reporting only news that supports those in power and ignoring or simply criticizing opposition to the state. Secondly, they can act as 'observers' reporting only what they see as the objective facts. Thirdly, they can act as 'watchdogs' demanding that powerful people explain their actions and criticizing decisions or policies that they think are wrong or mistaken. According to the particular situation at a given time, the same journalist or organization may act in any of these ways.
(6)In liberal democracies such as Britain or Japan, freedom of speech is a dundamental rights, as is the public's right to hold people accountable for their actions. Our mass media are organized on these principles. Therefore, we tend to believe that respectable roles for journalists and media organizations in these countries are as 'observers' and 'watchdogs.' This does not mean that they never perform as 'servants of the state,' but that ideally, they should not.
――小樽商科大学 前期日程（２月25日実施）――2005年
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- 06/5/27(土) -
