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次の英文中の日本語で書かれた部分(1)〜(4)を英語に直せ。
In Japan today, the majority of husbands and wives call each other Papa / Mama or Otosan / Okasan "Father" / "Mother." (1)ところが新婚当時はお互いを名前で呼んだと言う夫婦もかなりある。 It is very common for a husband to call his wife by name while she addresses him with a pronoun only, such as anata "you." Nevertheless, as soon as such couples have a child, most of them start calling each other Papa / Mama or Otosan / Okasan. How do we account for it?
At the time a man and a woman are married, they may be regarded as having a relationship based on a kind of contract. Both the role of husband and tht of wife have to be played semiconsciously, since they are roles actively chosen and entered into by these people. (2)したがって、最初の子供が生まれるまでは、家族構成員としての夫と妻の役割ははっきりしていない。
Upon the arrival of a child, the husband becomes a father, the wife a mother. (3)この父や母という役割は、人が意識して演じなければならない役割ではなく、むしろもとからそなわった役割である。 Once a person becomes a father, he cannot easily cancel that role. The parent-child relationship, since it allows no roo for free choices, provides a greater sense of security, at least for the Japanese, than does the husband-wife relationship. The husband and wife, therefore, try to enter a more permanent and secure state by converting their original horizontal relationship to a vertical relationship based on the child whom they share, that is, the natural relationship in which both are parents of the same child. This search for security may be behind the common switch to address terms meaning "father" and "mother."
(4)もしこの解釈が正しいとすれば、日本の夫婦は夫や妻としてよりも子供の親として行動することの方が多いことになる。 In fact, it is my view that Japanese couples do behave in that way when compared with couples in other countries, especially the United States.
――熊本大学 前期日程（２月25日実施）――97年
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